{"id":4545,"date":"2026-09-17T14:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T06:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4545"},"modified":"2026-09-17T14:26:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T06:26:15","slug":"2p-vs-3p-dc-spd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/blog\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"2P \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 3P \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f) \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 2P \u0438 3P \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 2P \u0438\u043b\u0438 3P?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e <strong>\u041e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 2P \u0438 3P \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 2P \u0438 3P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>2P DC \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>, \u0438 <strong>3P DC \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct SPD must be selected according to the electrical topology and the manufacturer&#8217;s approved connection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/th><th>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430?<\/td><td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430: DC+ \u0438 DC\u2212<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 2P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f?<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u042f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c 3P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u201c\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u043c PE\u201d?<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u042f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 3P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c 2P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f?<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c 2P \u0438 3P \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f?<\/td><td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e?<\/td><td>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, Ucpv, Iscpv \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430?<\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c?<\/td><td>IEC 61643-32<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not select a PV SPD by counting modules alone. Read the manufacturer&#8217;s circuit diagram and confirm that the SPD is approved for your PV system topology.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u201c2P\u201d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u201c3P\u201d \u043d\u0430 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.png\" alt=\"2P DC SPD product image for solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 2P, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u201cP\u201d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong>2-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c<\/strong>, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 DC+ \u0438 DC\u2212, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c <strong>\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0421\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/th><th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th><th>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/td><td>\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/td><td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e DC+ \u0438 DC\u2212 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\/\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c<\/td><td>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/td><td>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><td>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (PE)<\/td><td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td><td>\u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443\/\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Y-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/td><td>\u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e Y-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td><td>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 DIN-\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0439 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/3-1-vs-4-0-spd\/\">\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f 3+1 \u0438 4+0<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0449\u0438\u0442\u0435 230\/400 \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-31<\/a> \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e <strong>1500 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-853x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Typical wiring and protection modes of 2P and 3P DC SPD in solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-853x1024.jpg 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-768x922.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-300x360.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-600x720.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya.jpg 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b; \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 DC+, DC\u2212 \u0438 PE.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/th><th>\u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>DC+ \u2192 PE<\/td><td>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC\u2212 \u2192 PE<\/td><td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC+ \u2192 DC\u2212<\/td><td>Differential surge between the two DC conductors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A correctly designed PV SPD can provide several of these protection paths through its internal network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why looking only at the number of visible modules can be misleading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, Phoenix Contact publishes PV SPDs using a <strong>Y configuration<\/strong> that provide protection modes between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L+ and L\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L+ and PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2212 and PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">even though the manufacturer&#8217;s naming may refer to a \u201c2+V\u201d arrangement. Phoenix Contact lists these modes explicitly for its 1000 V PV devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Y-Circuit PV SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"3P DC SPD product image for solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A 3P DC SPD often has a wider, three-module construction, but the correct choice depends on system topology and protection design.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Y-circuit is a common protective arrangement used in photovoltaic surge protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of simply placing one MOV from positive to earth and another MOV from negative to earth, the SPD uses a coordinated internal network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conceptually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DC+<\/strong><br>\u2193<br>Protection element<br>\u2193<br>Common protection point<br>\u2193<br>Protection element<br>\u2193<br><strong>PE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and another path connects the DC\u2212 conductor into the protective network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact circuit varies by manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The important point is that the internal network can provide protection for both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>common-mode surges toward earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>voltage stress between DC conductors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">while also addressing PV-specific fault conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO, for example, describes its 1000 V PV surge protection solution as using an <strong>error-resistant Y circuit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD: Main Differences<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Side-by-side comparison of 2P and 3P DC SPD for solar PV\" class=\"wp-image-4557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A side-by-side view helps illustrate the physical difference between 2P and 3P DC SPD configurations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following table provides a useful engineering comparison, but the manufacturer&#8217;s wiring diagram always takes priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/th><th>2P DC SPD<\/th><th>3P \/ Three-Module DC SPD<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Physical size<\/td><td>Often smaller<\/td><td>Usually wider<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of visible modules<\/td><td>Often 2<\/td><td>Often 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC conductors protected<\/td><td>Typically DC+ and DC\u2212<\/td><td>Typically DC+ and DC\u2212<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (PE)<\/td><td>May be included<\/td><td>Usually included<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Internal circuit<\/td><td>Depends on manufacturer<\/td><td>Often PV-specific Y circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable for floating PV<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><td>Common, but still model-dependent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable for grounded PV<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Differential protection<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Common-mode protection<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><td>Common on PV-specific designs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td><td>Often lower<\/td><td>Often slightly higher<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DIN rail width<\/td><td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/td><td>Usually larger<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Better protection?<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/td><td>\u041d\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key difference is therefore not simply <strong>\u201ctwo modules versus three modules.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real difference is the <strong>approved protection circuit behind those modules<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 1: OBO 2-Pole 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO publishes a V20 1000 V DC photovoltaic surge protective device described as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The manufacturer identifies it as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2-pole for earthed PV systems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Published specifications include approximately:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th><th>OBO V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>Earthed PV systems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pole version<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum continuous DC voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/td><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nominal discharge current In<\/td><td>20 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum discharge current Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage protection level Up<\/td><td>\u22644.0 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>35 \u043c\u043c DIN-\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a good example of why the phrase <strong>\u201c2P DC SPD\u201d requires context<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO specifically associates this configuration with <strong>earthed photovoltaic systems<\/strong> rather than presenting it as a universal solution for every PV system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 2: OBO 3-Pole 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO also offers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.obo-bettermann.com\/out\/media\/TBS-V20-C_3-PH-1000-5094608-en.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This product is described as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3-pole for PV systems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its published data includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/th><th>OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pole version<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum continuous voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/td><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nominal discharge current In<\/td><td>20 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum discharge current Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage protection level Up<\/td><td>\u22644.0 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit<\/td><td>PV Y circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>35 \u043c\u043c DIN-\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO also describes this product family as using an <strong>error-resistant Y circuit<\/strong> for PV applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice something important:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2-pole and 3-pole products can have very similar headline ratings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 kA In<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u043a\u0410 Imax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>approximately 4 kV Up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet their intended system configurations are different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This demonstrates why <strong>voltage and kA values alone are not enough to select an SPD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 3: Phoenix Contact 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact&#8217;s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/en-us\/products\/pv-arrester-val-ms-1000dc-pv2v-fm-2800627\" rel=\"noopener\">VAL-MS 1000DC-PV\/2+V-FM<\/a><\/strong> provides another useful example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its VALVETRAB PV devices use a <strong>Y configuration<\/strong> and provide protection modes including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L+ to L\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L+ to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2212 to PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One published Type 2 model for a 1000 V DC PV system has:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th><th>Published Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>2000 A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>20 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>\u22643.3 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit<\/td><td>Y configuration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><td>L+\/L\u2212, L+\/PE, L\u2212\/PE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact describes this product as being suitable for a <strong>two-position isolated 1000 V DC system<\/strong>, yet the internal circuit still provides three protection relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again, this proves that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Number of active PV conductors \u2260 number of internal surge protection elements.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 4: ABB \u2014 Two Protected Lines, Multiple Modules<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB provides perhaps the clearest example of why terminology can confuse buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.e.abb.com\/public\/28a8cca9581e4705935631c602dd1351\/OVR%20%20PV%20T2%2040%20-1000%20P%209AKK107992A4590_US%20Rev.A%20Jan.2022.pdf?x-sign=4JkprUt4DlUVq73mXHNjQLYZaNPhRaeMKYIWG7Nhw1Lx4zypkEV%2B89kIiEHVxsZ0&amp;utm\" rel=\"noopener\">ABB&#8217;s OVR PV Type 2 series specifies<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Protected lines: 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but the protection modes include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DC+ to DC\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ to ground<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 to ground<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB lists PV models for both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its 1000 V Type 2 product, published characteristics include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th><th>ABB OVR PV T2 40-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protected lines<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>20 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>4 \u043a\u0412<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>10 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><td>DC+\/DC\u2212, DC+\/G, DC\u2212\/G<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its 1500 V version:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th><th>ABB OVR PV T2 40-1500<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protected lines<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1500 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>15 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>5 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>10 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB&#8217;s data demonstrates an important distinction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cProtected lines: 2\u201d does not mean the SPD only provides two possible surge paths.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 5: DEHN 2-Pole PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DEHN also publishes a 1000 V photovoltaic Type 2 SPD described as a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>two-pole surge arrester<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">for protecting one MPP input.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One DEHNcube YPV SCI 1000 model has published characteristics including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th><th>Published Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>One MPP input<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/td><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>1 kA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>12,5 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>25 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>\u22644 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><td>IP65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DEHN also emphasizes a PV-specific Y circuit and its DC disconnection technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lesson is again the same:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c2-pole\u201d alone does not tell you whether the device matches your PV architecture.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manufacturer Comparison: Why the Label Alone Is Not Enough<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Manufacturer Example<\/th><th>Manufacturer Terminology<\/th><th>PV Voltage<\/th><th>Key Point<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>OBO V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/td><td>2-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>Specified for earthed PV systems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/td><td>3-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>PV Y-circuit design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phoenix Contact VALVETRAB<\/td><td>2+V \/ Y configuration<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>Protects L+\/L\u2212 and both lines to PE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ABB OVR PV<\/td><td>2 protected lines<\/td><td>1000\/1500 V<\/td><td>Multiple protection modes despite two protected conductors<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DEHNcube YPV SCI<\/td><td>2-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>PV-specific design for one MPP input<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why professional SPD selection should be based on the <strong>manufacturer&#8217;s protection circuit<\/strong>, not only a marketplace listing that says \u201c2P\u201d or \u201c3P.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does PE Count as a Pole?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most common questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PE means <strong>protective earth<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a PV SPD, PE may be connected to one or more internal surge protection components, but the PE terminal is not always counted as an additional \u201cpole\u201d in the product name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturer terminology varies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>one manufacturer may call a device <strong>2P<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may call a similar physical layout <strong>2+V<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may call the assembly a <strong>three-module PV SPD<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may simply say <strong>two protected lines<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never assume that a \u201c3P SPD\u201d means \u201cDC+, DC\u2212 and PE are three equivalent poles.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are not equivalent conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a 3P DC SPD Provide Better Protection Than a 2P SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A three-module product can be highly suitable for one PV topology and incorrect for another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, a two-pole product specifically designed for a particular grounded system may be exactly what the manufacturer requires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A better comparison is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Bad Selection Question<\/th><th>Better Selection Question<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Which has more poles?<\/td><td>Which topology is approved for my PV system?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which has more modules?<\/td><td>Which protection modes are provided?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which has the larger kA number?<\/td><td>Are In, Imax\/Iimp and Up suitable for the application?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which one is cheaper?<\/td><td>Does it comply with the required PV SPD standard?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Is 3P stronger?<\/td><td>Is the device designed for my earthing arrangement?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The internal circuit matters more than the number printed after \u201cP.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grounded vs Floating PV Systems<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before choosing between different SPD arrangements, determine how the PV DC side is referenced to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two broad situations may occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Floating or Isolated DC Side<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither DC+ nor DC\u2212 is intentionally bonded directly to PE under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This arrangement is common in many modern PV inverter systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD must be suitable for the insulation and monitoring concept of the inverter and PV generator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grounded DC Side<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One part of the DC system is intentionally referenced to earth according to the system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A manufacturer may provide a specific SPD arrangement for this configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, OBO explicitly markets its 2-pole 1000 V model for <strong>earthed PV systems<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why installers should never convert between configurations simply to reduce the number of SPD modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P Does Not Determine SPD Type<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another common misunderstanding is mixing up:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>pole configuration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They describe different characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0421\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/th><th>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2P \/ 3P<\/td><td>Pole or module arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 1<\/td><td>Lightning-current-capable SPD test category<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td><td>Surge protection tested with 8\/20 \u00b5s current waveform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 1+2<\/td><td>Combined lightning-current and surge protection functionality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>Maximum continuous PV operating voltage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>\u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iimp<\/td><td>Impulse discharge current<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>PV short-circuit current rating<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>3P Type 2 SPD<\/strong> and a <strong>3P Type 1+2 SPD<\/strong> are therefore not the same device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, a <strong>2P Type 2<\/strong> cannot be replaced with a 3P Type 1+2 simply because the second product appears \u201cbigger.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does PV Voltage Determine Whether You Need 2P or 3P?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-853x1024.png\" alt=\"PV voltage, Voc and SPD selection for 1000V and 1500V solar systems\" class=\"wp-image-4560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-853x1024.png 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-250x300.png 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-768x922.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-300x360.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-600x720.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya.png 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PV maximum voltage and cold-weather Voc must be checked before selecting the correct DC SPD rating.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PV voltage does affect SPD selection, but it does not by itself determine pole arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, PV SPDs are available for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>600 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1200 V DC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other manufacturer-specific ratings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key voltage parameter is normally <strong>Ucpv<\/strong>, the maximum continuous operating voltage of the PV SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a detailed method of selecting 600V, 1000V, or 1500V protection, see our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/dc-spd-selection-guide\/\">DC SPD voltage selection guide for solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ucpv must be suitable for the maximum voltage that can appear in the PV array.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Cold-Weather Voc Matters<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PV module open-circuit voltage rises when cell temperature falls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the system&#8217;s maximum possible string voltage may be higher than the simple STC Voc calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A simplified selection process is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Maximum string voltage \u2248 number of modules in series \u00d7 module Voc \u00d7 low-temperature correction factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact correction should follow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>module manufacturer data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>project design conditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>applicable electrical standards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The selected SPD must have a Ucpv rating appropriate for the resulting maximum PV voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: 1000 V PV System<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider a commercial PV installation with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>18 modules in series<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>module Voc = 49 V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>calculated cold-weather correction factor = 1.12<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Approximate maximum string voltage:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>18 \u00d7 49 \u00d7 1.12 = 987.8 V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 600 V SPD would clearly be unsuitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The designer would need a PV SPD whose Ucpv safely accommodates the calculated voltage according to the manufacturer&#8217;s selection rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But after establishing the voltage requirement, the designer must still determine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>grounded or floating PV topology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iscpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installation point<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only then should pole configuration be selected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Why \u201c1000 V 40 kA\u201d Is Not Enough<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine two products listed online:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u043a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2P<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u043a\u0410<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3P<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At first glance, Product B may appear \u201cbetter.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But that conclusion is impossible without knowing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Required Information<\/th><th>Product A<\/th><th>Product B<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iimp<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit topology<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grounded\/floating system approval<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Internal disconnection<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If these values are missing, the pole count provides very little useful information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which Ratings Should Be Checked Before Pole Count?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV SPD procurement, we recommend checking parameters in approximately this order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Priority<\/th><th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th><th>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>Must be designed for PV DC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>Must withstand continuous PV voltage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>System topology<\/td><td>Grounded\/floating arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>\u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b<\/td><td>Confirms actual surge paths<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/td><td>Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/td><td>Determines clamping\/protection level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/td><td>Normal surge discharge capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Imax \/ Iimp<\/td><td>Surge or lightning-current capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>Iscpv<\/td><td>PV short-circuit withstand\/failure capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Disconnection system<\/td><td>Important for safe end-of-life behavior<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>Backup protection<\/td><td>Must match manufacturer requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Pole\/module arrangement<\/td><td>Select only after topology is confirmed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are not familiar with these ratings, our guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/dc-spd-specifications\/\">DC SPD specifications such as Ucpv, In, Imax, Up and Iscpv<\/a><\/strong> explains what each value means and how they differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This order avoids one of the most common purchasing mistakes: choosing an SPD by voltage, kA and pole count while ignoring the internal circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD in a PV Combiner Box<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"DC SPD installed inside a solar PV combiner box\" class=\"wp-image-4559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In practical installations, DC SPDs are commonly mounted inside PV combiner boxes together with fuses, terminals and PE connections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PV combiner box is one of the most common locations for a DC SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical combiner box may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV string inputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC MCB or isolator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC SPD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>busbars<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>output terminals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PE bar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct SPD configuration depends on the electrical design rather than simply the number of incoming strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Six PV strings entering one combiner box does not mean you need six SPDs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Two output conductors do not automatically mean the SPD must be 2P.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD protects the electrical node according to its approved circuit arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple MPPT Inputs: Does Each MPPT Need Its Own SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes yes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If an inverter contains multiple independent MPPT inputs, the surge protection arrangement should be evaluated for each input group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Factors include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>whether the MPPT inputs are electrically independent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cable routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>separation distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether a common SPD can protect multiple circuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer&#8217;s inverter instructions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD manufacturer&#8217;s wiring limitations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO, for example, publishes PV generator connection boxes designed for one, two and three MPPT configurations, showing that MPPT architecture can directly affect surge-protection layout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a 2P DC SPD Replace a 3P DC SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not assume so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Replacement is appropriate only when all of the following are verified:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>same PV system topology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compatible protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Up<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable surge-current ratings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Iscpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable SPD type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compatible backup protection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer-approved wiring arrangement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>applicable certification and standard compliance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the original product uses a Y circuit and the replacement uses a different internal topology, matching the voltage and kA ratings alone is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a 3P SPD Replace a 2P SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same rule applies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More modules do not automatically make a product compatible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A different internal circuit may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>change PE leakage behavior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>change protection paths<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>affect insulation monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>affect failure mode<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>change voltage stress across components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, substitutions should be based on the <strong>electrical specification<\/strong>, not physical appearance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common 2P vs 3P DC SPD Selection Mistakes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 1: Counting Wires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe PV string has DC+ and DC\u2212, therefore I need a 2P SPD.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is too simplistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the manufacturer&#8217;s approved circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 2: Assuming PE Is the Third Pole<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PE is not simply another current-carrying pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The manufacturer&#8217;s internal SPD architecture determines how it is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 3: Assuming More Modules Means Better Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A three-module device is not automatically safer or stronger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 4: Matching Only Voltage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two 1000 V SPDs may have completely different:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>protection circuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Up values<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iscpv ratings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD types<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>grounding requirements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 5: Looking Only at Imax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A large <strong>Imax<\/strong> number makes an attractive product label, but it is only one parameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always evaluate In, Up, Iscpv, Ucpv and circuit topology together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 6: Ignoring the PV-Specific Standard<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For photovoltaic generator DC-side SPDs, IEC 61643-31 is the key product standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/30774\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-32<\/a> addresses selection and application principles for SPDs connected to the DC side of PV systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical 2P vs 3P DC SPD Selection Process<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-853x1024.png\" alt=\"Flowchart for selecting between 2P and 3P DC SPD in solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-853x1024.png 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-250x300.png 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-768x922.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-300x360.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-600x720.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya.png 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A practical selection process helps ensure the correct choice between 2P and 3P DC SPD configurations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A practical 2P vs 3P DC SPD selection should start with the PV system topology rather than the number of modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Confirm the Circuit Is PV DC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not substitute an AC SPD simply because its voltage looks similar. If you are comparing AC and DC protection devices, read <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/ac-spd-on-dc-system\/\">Can an AC SPD Be Used on a DC System?<\/a><\/strong> before making a substitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Calculate Maximum PV Voltage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determine maximum cold-weather string Voc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then select an SPD with a suitable Ucpv rating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Check the PV Earthing Arrangement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determine whether:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>neither polarity is intentionally grounded<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ is referenced to earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 is referenced to earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another special topology is used<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the inverter manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Determine Required Protection Modes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical requirements may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DC+ to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ to DC\u2212<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verify these in the SPD datasheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Determine Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This depends on the lightning protection concept and installation architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not use pole count as a substitute for SPD type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Check Ucpv, Up, In, Imax\/Iimp and Iscpv<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never evaluate these values individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7: Check the Manufacturer&#8217;s Wiring Diagram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the point where the real answer to <strong>2P vs 3P<\/strong> normally becomes clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 8: Confirm Backup Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check whether the SPD requires:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a backup fuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a circuit breaker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>no additional backup device under specified fault conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow the SPD manufacturer&#8217;s data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a more detailed explanation, see our guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/spd-backup-fuse\/\">SPD backup fuse and circuit breaker selection<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 9: Check Installation Distance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keep SPD connecting conductors short.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The distance between the PV array, SPD, and inverter can also affect the overall protection concept. See our detailed guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/spd-distance-from-inverter\/\">SPD distance from the inverter in solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 10: Confirm Documentation Before Purchase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For commercial projects, request:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>datasheet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEC test information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iimp if applicable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iscpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>backup fuse requirement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>remote contact diagram if required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procurement Checklist<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before ordering a 2P or 3P PV SPD, send the supplier this information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th><th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td><td>\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum DC voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0412 \u041f\u041e\u0421\u0422\u041e\u042f\u041d\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u0422\u041e\u041a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum string Voc<\/td><td>920 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><td>Floating \/ isolated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/td><td>\u0422\u0438\u043f 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required In<\/td><td>20 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required Imax<\/td><td>40 \u043a\u0410<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/td><td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Remote contact<\/td><td>Required \/ not required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td><td>500 \u0448\u0442.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Target standard<\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A professional supplier should then confirm the suitable circuit rather than simply responding with \u201c2P\u201d or \u201c3P.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD Decision Table<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use this table only as a preliminary guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th><th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supplier only says \u201c2P 1000 V 40 kA\u201d<\/td><td>Ask for wiring diagram and IEC data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supplier only says \u201c3P is better\u201d<\/td><td>Ask for the protection circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PV DC side is floating<\/td><td>Use an SPD specifically approved for the floating\/isolated topology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PV DC side is intentionally grounded<\/td><td>Use the manufacturer&#8217;s approved grounded-system configuration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>System is 1500 V<\/td><td>Verify Ucpv and all 1500 V-specific ratings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inverter already contains SPD<\/td><td>Check whether external SPD is still required based on cable length and protection architecture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b MPPT<\/td><td>Evaluate each MPPT circuit separately<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Existing 3-module SPD needs replacement<\/td><td>Match electrical topology, not just physical size<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PE connection is unclear<\/td><td>Do not install until the manufacturer&#8217;s diagram is confirmed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following <strong>2P vs 3P DC SPD FAQs<\/strong> address several common questions from PV installers, system designers, and buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a 2P DC SPD enough for solar PV?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be, provided the SPD is specifically designed and approved for that PV topology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The number \u201c2P\u201d alone is not enough information to make the decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why does a solar SPD have three modules when there are only two DC wires?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the SPD may use multiple internal protective elements to provide coordinated protection between DC+, DC\u2212 and PE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The physical module count does not necessarily equal the number of active conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is PE considered the third pole?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not universally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturers use different terminology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always check the internal wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a 3P DC SPD safer than a 2P SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Safety depends on correct circuit design, voltage rating, fault-current capability, disconnection system and correct installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I connect only two terminals of a 3P SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not do this unless the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions explicitly show that connection method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unused or incorrectly connected protection elements can change the intended surge protection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I use a 2P 1000 V SPD in a 1500 V PV system?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No, unless the manufacturer explicitly rates the product for the actual maximum continuous PV voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 1000 V Ucpv device is not suitable for a PV system that can exceed its approved continuous voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is 40 kA better than 20 kA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First determine whether the numbers refer to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iimp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>total discharge current<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then compare Up, Ucpv, Iscpv and the complete protection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does every solar inverter need an external DC SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some inverters contain integrated SPDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether additional external protection is required depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>inverter design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cable distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lightning exposure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>system architecture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installation standard<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer instructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your inverter already includes surge protection, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/%d0%b1%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b3\/solar-inverter-built-in-spd\/\">Does a Solar Inverter With a Built-In SPD Still Need an External SPD?<\/a><\/strong> for a detailed explanation of when additional protection may still be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What standard should a PV DC SPD comply with?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IEC 61643-31 covers SPDs intended for the DC side of photovoltaic installations up to 1500 V DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IEC 61643-32 provides selection and application principles for PV surge protective devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Takeaway<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important point in a <strong>2P vs 3P DC SPD comparison<\/strong> is that the difference is not simply the number of modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A photovoltaic SPD must be selected as part of an electrical protection system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before choosing a 2P or 3P configuration, confirm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV maximum voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>earthing arrangement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0423\u0417\u0418\u041f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imax or Iimp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iscpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer&#8217;s approved wiring diagram<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Real products from OBO, Phoenix Contact, ABB and DEHN show that manufacturers use different terms such as <strong>2-pole, 3-pole, 2+V, two protected lines and Y configuration<\/strong> for PV surge protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is why professional selection should start with the circuit diagram and datasheet\u2014not the number of visible cartridges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV projects, the correct question is therefore not:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cIs 2P or 3P better?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0410 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWhich SPD circuit is designed for my PV system topology?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technical References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IEC 61643-31 \u2014 Low-voltage surge protective devices: requirements and test methods for SPDs for photovoltaic installations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEC 61643-32 \u2014 Surge protective devices connected to the DC side of photovoltaic installations: selection and application principles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OBO Bettermann \u2014 V20 photovoltaic surge protection product documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phoenix Contact \u2014 VALVETRAB photovoltaic surge protection technical documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABB \u2014 OVR PV surge protective device technical documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DEHN \u2014 PV Type 2 surge arrester technical documentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Always follow the latest product datasheet, inverter manufacturer instructions and applicable local electrical regulations when designing or installing surge protection.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2P vs 3P DC SPD selection for solar PV often causes confusion. One of the most common questions is: Should I use a 2P or 3P DC SPD? At first glance, the answer seems simple. A PV string has DC positive and DC negative conductors, so a 2-pole SPD may appear sufficient. Then why do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4551,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4562,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions\/4562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}