{"id":4474,"date":"2026-09-07T10:43:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T02:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4474"},"modified":"2026-09-07T16:20:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T08:20:23","slug":"why-spd-connected-in-parallel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/why-spd-connected-in-parallel\/","title":{"rendered":"Por que um DPS \u00e9 conectado em paralelo em vez de em s\u00e9rie?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se observar uma instala\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00edpica de um dispositivo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos (DPS), poder\u00e1 notar algo diferente de um fus\u00edvel ou disjuntor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um fus\u00edvel ou disjuntor \u00e9 normalmente instalado em s\u00e9rie com o circuito, de modo que a corrente de carga passe atrav\u00e9s dele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um DPS de pot\u00eancia t\u00edpico \u00e9 geralmente <strong>ligado em paralelo<\/strong> com o circuito que protege, raz\u00e3o pela qual muitos instaladores perguntam por que um <strong>DPS \u00e9 ligado em paralelo em vez de em s\u00e9rie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por qu\u00ea?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A resposta simples \u00e9 que um DPS conectado em paralelo n\u00e3o precisa transportar a corrente de carga normal. Em condi\u00e7\u00f5es normais de opera\u00e7\u00e3o, ele permanece em um estado de alta imped\u00e2ncia. Quando ocorre uma sobretens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria, o DPS come\u00e7a a conduzir e fornece um caminho de baixa imped\u00e2ncia para a corrente de surto, limitando a tens\u00e3o que chega ao equipamento protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9 por isso que a conex\u00e3o em paralelo \u00e9 amplamente utilizada para DPS de Classe I e Classe II em sistemas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia e sistemas fotovoltaicos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No entanto, \u201cDPS = sempre em paralelo\u201d n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma regra absoluta. DPS conectados em s\u00e9rie e filtros de surto tamb\u00e9m existem para certas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es. Neste artigo, estamos tratando principalmente do DPS de pot\u00eancia comum conectado em paralelo, usado em sistemas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o CA e sistemas fotovoltaicos CC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Resposta r\u00e1pida: Conex\u00e3o de DPS em paralelo vs. em s\u00e9rie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um t\u00edpico <strong>DPS conectado em paralelo<\/strong> \u00e9 projetado para responder a eventos de sobretens\u00e3o tempor\u00e1ria sem transportar a corrente operacional normal da carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em condi\u00e7\u00f5es normais:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fonte de energia \u2192 Carga<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O DPS permanece em espera (standby).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando ocorre um surto, o DPS altera o seu comportamento el\u00e9trico e conduz a corrente de surto atrav\u00e9s do seu caminho de prote\u00e7\u00e3o, ajudando a limitar a tens\u00e3o que surge nos equipamentos sens\u00edveis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um arranjo paralelo simplificado tem o seguinte aspeto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD parallel connection wiring in an electrical distribution system\" class=\"wp-image-4476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Um DPS t\u00edpico ligado em paralelo \u00e9 instalado atrav\u00e9s do circuito protegido em vez de diretamente no caminho da corrente de carga normal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O DPS \u00e9 ligado atrav\u00e9s do circuito em vez de ser inserido diretamente no caminho da corrente de carga normal. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/assets\/c8428ddc-254d-40b8-a2f2-540ac13bd818\/index.html#0\" rel=\"noopener\">Fundamentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos da Phoenix Contact<\/a><\/strong> explica tamb\u00e9m que os DPS podem ser instalados em paralelo com o equipamento protegido ou entre os condutores relevantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Eaton descreve os DPS ligados em paralelo, ou em deriva\u00e7\u00e3o, da mesma forma: os seus condutores de liga\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o transportam a corrente de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o normal, mas transportam a corrente de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o associada a eventos transit\u00f3rios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essa diferen\u00e7a b\u00e1sica explica por que a maioria dos SPDs de pot\u00eancia comuns s\u00e3o instalados em paralelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-9-16 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Why is an SPD connected in parallel instead of series?\" width=\"563\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/itkgmV2pQ98?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Veja como um DPS t\u00edpico se comporta durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal e quando ocorre um surto.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O que acontece com um SPD durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para entender a conex\u00e3o em paralelo, \u00e9 \u00fatil primeiro entender o que o SPD faz quando n\u00e3o h\u00e1 surto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sob tens\u00e3o normal do sistema<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal, a tens\u00e3o do sistema permanece abaixo do n\u00edvel no qual o SPD conduz significativamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para um SPD baseado em MOV, o elemento de prote\u00e7\u00e3o apresenta uma imped\u00e2ncia relativamente alta sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es de tens\u00e3o normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isso significa que a corrente operacional principal continua atrav\u00e9s do circuito de pot\u00eancia normal para a carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O SPD est\u00e1 essencialmente em modo de espera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma vis\u00e3o simplificada \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isso n\u00e3o significa necessariamente que absolutamente nenhuma corrente flua atrav\u00e9s de cada DPS. Dependendo da tecnologia e do projeto do DPS, uma pequena corrente de fuga ou de opera\u00e7\u00e3o pode existir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O ponto importante \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A corrente de carga normal n\u00e3o precisa fluir atrav\u00e9s de um DPS t\u00edpico conectado em paralelo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of the SPD as a protection path waiting beside the main circuit rather than a component that must continuously carry the equipment&#8217;s operating current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O que acontece quando ocorre um surto?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um surto \u00e9 um aumento de curta dura\u00e7\u00e3o na tens\u00e3o que pode ser causado por eventos como transientes relacionados a raios ou opera\u00e7\u00f5es de comuta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the voltage across the SPD rises sufficiently, the SPD&#8217;s protection elements begin conducting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se deseja uma explica\u00e7\u00e3o mais aprofundada sobre como os elementos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o respondem a sobretens\u00f5es transit\u00f3rias, consulte o nosso guia em <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/how-dc-spd-works-operating-principles-components-engineers-guide\/\">como funciona um DPS CC<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A sua imped\u00e2ncia diminui drasticamente em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com a condi\u00e7\u00e3o normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isto permite que a corrente de surto flua atrav\u00e9s do caminho de prote\u00e7\u00e3o dispon\u00edvel e limita a tens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria que surge no equipamento protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma representa\u00e7\u00e3o simplificada \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>                 Equipamento\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No entanto, este diagrama \u00e9 apenas um exemplo simplificado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um DPS faz <strong>nem sempre desviam todos os surtos diretamente para a terra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependendo do sistema el\u00e9trico e do projeto do DPS, podem existir modos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o entre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fase e neutro<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fase e terra de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neutro e terra de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fase e fase<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Positivo CC e negativo CC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condutores CC e PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por esta raz\u00e3o, \u00e9 mais preciso dizer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>O DPS fornece um caminho controlado para a corrente de surto e limita a tens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria atrav\u00e9s do equipamento que protege.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O caminho exato da corrente depende da configura\u00e7\u00e3o do DPS e da topologia do sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por que um DPS \u00e9 conectado em paralelo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para entender por que um DPS \u00e9 conectado em paralelo, \u00e9 \u00fatil observar o que acontece tanto durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal quanto durante um evento de surto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existem v\u00e1rias raz\u00f5es importantes pelas quais um <strong>DPS conectado em paralelo<\/strong> \u00e9 amplamente utilizado em sistemas de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. O DPS n\u00e3o precisa conduzir a corrente de carga normal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta \u00e9 uma das maiores diferen\u00e7as entre um DPS e dispositivos como um disjuntor ou fus\u00edvel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine que um inversor opere normalmente com dezenas de amperes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com um DPS t\u00edpico ligado em paralelo, essa corrente de opera\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o precisa passar continuamente pelo DPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em vez disso:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O DPS \u00e9 ligado em paralelo ao circuito protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isso significa que o DPS pode ser selecionado principalmente de acordo com os requisitos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos, em vez de acordo com a corrente de opera\u00e7\u00e3o total de cada carga a jusante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact similarly notes that its parallel-installed power SPDs appear electrically as a branch connected across the power distribution system rather than carrying the circuit&#8217;s normal ampacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. O DPS responde principalmente a eventos de sobretens\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um DPS t\u00edpico \u00e9 sens\u00edvel \u00e0 tens\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante a tens\u00e3o normal do sistema, ele permanece praticamente inativo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quando uma tens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria ultrapassa a sua regi\u00e3o de opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal, os elementos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7am a conduzir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isso \u00e9 fundamentalmente diferente de um fus\u00edvel, disjuntor ou seccionadora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por exemplo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fus\u00edvel<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte \u2192 Fus\u00edvel \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Disjuntor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte \u2192 Disjuntor \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DPS t\u00edpico em paralelo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um fus\u00edvel ou disjuntor deve normalmente conduzir a corrente do circuito, pois est\u00e1 fisicamente no caminho da carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um DPS em paralelo n\u00e3o o faz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. A conex\u00e3o em paralelo fornece um caminho para a corrente de surto.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O objetivo de um DPS n\u00e3o \u00e9 \u201cbloquear\u201d todos os surtos antes que cheguem \u00e0 carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Em vez disso, um DPS limitador de tens\u00e3o responde ao aumento da tens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria e conduz a corrente de surto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta a\u00e7\u00e3o limita a tens\u00e3o no circuito protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por exemplo, em um sistema fotovoltaico simplificado:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Arranjo FV \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Inversor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal, a energia fotovoltaica continua em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao inversor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante um evento de sobretens\u00e3o, o DPS conduz de acordo com o seu modo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e ajuda a manter a tens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria num n\u00edvel inferior ao que atingiria de outra forma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta \u00e9 a raz\u00e3o b\u00e1sica pela qual o DPS \u00e9 colocado em paralelo com o circuito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. O DPS n\u00e3o faz parte normalmente do caminho principal de energia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Como o DPS t\u00edpico \u00e9 ligado como uma deriva\u00e7\u00e3o em paralelo, ele n\u00e3o se torna o caminho condutor normal entre a fonte e a carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Isso tem uma vantagem pr\u00e1tica importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The system&#8217;s normal operating current does not depend on continuously passing through the SPD protection elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Naturalmente, isto n\u00e3o significa que um DPS possa ser ignorado ap\u00f3s a instala\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os DPS podem degradar-se ou desligar-se ap\u00f3s um esfor\u00e7o el\u00e9trico anormal, pelo que o seu estado de indica\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser verificado periodicamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Isn&#8217;t a Typical SPD Connected in Series?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Entender por que um DPS \u00e9 conectado em paralelo tamb\u00e9m ajuda a explicar por que um DPS t\u00edpico conectado em deriva\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 colocado em s\u00e9rie com o caminho normal da carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Disjuntores e fus\u00edveis s\u00e3o normalmente instalados em s\u00e9rie porque devem conduzir a corrente do circuito. Um DPS paralelo t\u00edpico \u00e9 projetado para uma fun\u00e7\u00e3o diferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A corrente de carga normal teria que passar por um dispositivo em s\u00e9rie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma conex\u00e3o em s\u00e9rie real tem esta apar\u00eancia:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fonte \u2192 Dispositivo \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se o conjunto completo do DPS fosse inserido no caminho da carga, o DPS precisaria acomodar a corrente de carga cont\u00ednua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seus condutores, terminais, projeto t\u00e9rmico, desempenho em curto-circuito e comportamento em falha teriam que ser projetados para essa aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o \u00e9 assim que o DPS paralelo comum de trilho DIN Tipo 1 ou Tipo 2 \u00e9 normalmente utilizado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">As classifica\u00e7\u00f5es de surto de um DPS n\u00e3o s\u00e3o classifica\u00e7\u00f5es de corrente de carga<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este \u00e9 um ponto especialmente importante ao ler a placa de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de um DPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Suponha que um DPS esteja marcado com:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Imax = 40 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD In and Imax surge current ratings compared with normal load current\" class=\"wp-image-4478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In e Imax descrevem o desempenho de descarga de surto, n\u00e3o a corrente operacional normal do circuito protegido.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se estas classifica\u00e7\u00f5es de DPS ainda forem confusas, nosso <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/dc-spd-specifications\/\">Guia de especifica\u00e7\u00f5es de DPS CC<\/a><\/strong> explica Ucpv, In, Imax, Up e Iscpv com mais detalhe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estes n\u00fameros n\u00e3o <strong>n\u00e3o<\/strong> significam que o DPS foi projetado para conduzir continuamente 20 kA ou 40 kA de corrente de carga normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para DPS de Tipo 2, <strong>Em<\/strong> refere-se \u00e0 corrente nominal de descarga associada a um impulso de corrente de 8\/20 \u03bcs, enquanto <strong>Imax<\/strong> refere-se \u00e0 corrente m\u00e1xima de descarga associada a um impulso de 8\/20 \u03bcs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact&#8217;s technical definitions likewise describe In and Imax as impulse-current values flowing through the SPD, not normal continuous load-current ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Portanto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In e Imax s\u00e3o classifica\u00e7\u00f5es de corrente de descarga de surto. Eles n\u00e3o s\u00e3o a corrente operacional normal da carga.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta distin\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 muito importante ao selecionar ou explicar um DPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isso significa que n\u00e3o existem DPS conectados em s\u00e9rie?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta \u00e9 uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Embora os DPS de pot\u00eancia Tipo 1 e Tipo 2 comuns discutidos neste artigo sejam geralmente instalados em paralelo, tamb\u00e9m existem conjuntos de DPS conectados em s\u00e9rie e filtros de surto conectados em s\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Schneider Electric observa que os produtos conectados em s\u00e9rie s\u00e3o comumente instalados em linha pr\u00f3ximos a cargas espec\u00edficas, enquanto os DPS conectados em paralelo s\u00e3o o arranjo mais comum em quadros de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o e pain\u00e9is.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A series-connected product has to be designed specifically to carry the circuit&#8217;s load current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Portanto, seria incorreto dizer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cUm DPS nunca pode ser conectado em s\u00e9rie.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma afirma\u00e7\u00e3o tecnicamente mais precisa \u00e9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A maioria dos DPS de Tipo 1 e Tipo 2 para distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de energia s\u00e3o conectados em paralelo, embora existam produtos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos conectados em s\u00e9rie especialmente projetados para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV and general distribution-board applications, always follow the actual SPD manufacturer&#8217;s wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conex\u00e3o em paralelo vs. em s\u00e9rie: Compara\u00e7\u00e3o simples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tabela abaixo mostra como um dispositivo t\u00edpico <strong>DPS conectado em paralelo<\/strong> difere de um dispositivo instalado diretamente no caminho da corrente de carga normal.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Parallel SPD connection compared with a series-connected electrical device\" class=\"wp-image-4479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Um DPS t\u00edpico em paralelo \u00e9 conectado atrav\u00e9s do circuito protegido, enquanto um dispositivo conectado em s\u00e9rie fica diretamente no caminho da corrente normal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Recurso<\/th><th>DPS em paralelo t\u00edpico<\/th><th>Dispositivo conectado em s\u00e9rie<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conectado diretamente no caminho da carga normal<\/td><td>N\u00e3o<\/td><td>Sim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A corrente de carga normal passa por todo o dispositivo<\/td><td>N\u00e3o<\/td><td>Sim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Arranjo comum para DPS de pot\u00eancia Tipo 1 \/ Tipo 2<\/td><td>Sim<\/td><td>Menos comum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Objetivo principal<\/td><td>Limita a sobretens\u00e3o transit\u00f3ria fornecendo um caminho para a corrente de surto<\/td><td>Depende do projeto do produto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de corrente cont\u00ednua cr\u00edtica para o dispositivo completo<\/td><td>Geralmente n\u00e3o da mesma forma que um dispositivo em linha<\/td><td>Sim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>O comprimento do cabo de instala\u00e7\u00e3o afeta a prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><td>Sim<\/td><td>O arranjo interno pode reduzir os efeitos do comprimento do cabo paralelo externo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00edpicas<\/td><td>Quadros de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, entradas de equipamentos, sistemas fotovoltaicos<\/td><td>Cargas sens\u00edveis selecionadas ou aplica\u00e7\u00f5es especializadas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o\/filtragem<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O ponto importante n\u00e3o \u00e9 que um m\u00e9todo seja universalmente \u201cbom\u201d e o outro \u201cruim\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e3o arquiteturas de produto diferentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para um DPS de trilho DIN normal, no entanto, a conex\u00e3o em paralelo \u00e9 geralmente o m\u00e9todo de instala\u00e7\u00e3o esperado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Como um DPS \u00e9 conectado em um sistema fotovoltaico solar CC?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same principle applies in many photovoltaic systems, where the SPD is connected in parallel with the DC circuit according to the manufacturer&#8217;s wiring configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"DC SPD connected in parallel in a solar PV system\" class=\"wp-image-4477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Um DPS CC \u00e9 tipicamente ligado em paralelo com o circuito fotovoltaico de acordo com a configura\u00e7\u00e3o do DPS e o esquema de liga\u00e7\u00e3o do fabricante.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No entanto, a cablagem do DPS CC requer um cuidado extra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o \u00e9 correto assumir que todos os DPS fotovoltaicos s\u00e3o simplesmente ligados:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CC+ \u2192 DPS \u2192 PE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O circuito de prote\u00e7\u00e3o interno real pode ser diferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependendo do produto e da configura\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema fotovoltaico, o DPS pode fornecer modos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o entre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CC+ e PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC- e PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ e DC-<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uma combina\u00e7\u00e3o destes caminhos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Diferentes arranjos de circuitos de DPS s\u00e3o utilizados para diferentes sistemas de aterramento e arquiteturas fotovoltaicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para um DPS fotovoltaico conectado em paralelo, o arranjo exato dos terminais ainda depende do projeto do DPS, da topologia do sistema e do diagrama de fia\u00e7\u00e3o do fabricante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why the wiring diagram printed on the SPD or provided in the manufacturer&#8217;s installation instructions is so important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es fotovoltaicas em CC, a norma de produto IEC dedicada \u00e9 a IEC 61643-31. A DEHN tamb\u00e9m identifica a IEC 60364-7-712 e a IEC 60364-5-53 entre as normas de instala\u00e7\u00e3o relevantes para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es fotovoltaicas e de DPS de baixa tens\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u00e3o copie um diagrama de fia\u00e7\u00e3o de DPS CA para um DPS CC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Embora os DPS de CA e CC sejam baseados em princ\u00edpios de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra surtos semelhantes, os sistemas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o intercambi\u00e1veis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os sistemas de CC apresentam desafios adicionais porque a corrente cont\u00ednua n\u00e3o possui passagem natural por zero, o que torna a interrup\u00e7\u00e3o de arcos em CC mais dif\u00edcil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por esta raz\u00e3o, o DPS deve ser especificamente adequado para a tens\u00e3o CC, configura\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema e aplica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verifique sempre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tens\u00e3o m\u00e1xima de opera\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polaridade CC e marca\u00e7\u00f5es dos terminais<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipo de DPS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esquema de aterramento<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requisitos de curto-circuito<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Esquema de liga\u00e7\u00e3o do fabricante<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">antes da instala\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemplo: Leitura de um DPS CC Tipo 2 da KUANGYA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usando um DPS CC Tipo 2 KYPV\/1000 da KUANGYA como exemplo, a placa de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o pode incluir par\u00e2metros como:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uc = 1000 V CC<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imax = 40 kA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Up = 3,5 kV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These values describe different parts of the SPD&#8217;s electrical performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uc \u00e9 a tens\u00e3o m\u00e1xima de opera\u00e7\u00e3o cont\u00ednua especificada para o DPS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A tens\u00e3o do sistema e as poss\u00edveis condi\u00e7\u00f5es de opera\u00e7\u00e3o devem ser consideradas ao escolher uma classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o adequada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Em<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In \u00e9 a corrente nominal de descarga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para um DPS Tipo 2, est\u00e1 associado a uma forma de onda de corrente de impulso de 8\/20 \u03bcs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Imax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imax \u00e9 a corrente m\u00e1xima de descarga especificada para o DPS, tamb\u00e9m associada \u00e0 forma de onda de 8\/20 \u03bcs para este tipo de dispositivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imax \u00e9 igual ou maior que In.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Para cima<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Up \u00e9 o n\u00edvel de prote\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indica o desempenho de limita\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o do DPS sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es de teste especificadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key point for today&#8217;s topic is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>20 kA In e 40 kA Imax n\u00e3o significam que 20 kA ou 40 kA fluem continuamente atrav\u00e9s do DPS durante a opera\u00e7\u00e3o normal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estes s\u00e3o par\u00e2metros de corrente de surto transit\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is another reason why comparing an SPD&#8217;s In or Imax directly with the load current of an inverter is incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Parallel Connection Mean Wire Length Does Not Matter?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In fact, connection length is extremely important for a parallel-connected SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A surge has a very fast current rise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The connecting conductors therefore have inductance, and the rapidly changing surge current can create an additional voltage drop along those conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That additional voltage is effectively added to the voltage experienced by the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De acordo com <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nemasurge.org\/correct-installation-of-hard-wired-surge-protective-device\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NEMA\u2019s guidance on hard-wired SPD installation<\/a><\/strong>, the size and length of the connecting leads can affect the performance of a parallel-connected SPD, and short, direct connections are preferred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact makes the same point: long connecting conductors can increase the effective voltage protection level seen in the installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So even if two installations use exactly the same SPD, their real-world protection performance may not be identical if one has much longer connection conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Short and long SPD connection leads compared for surge protection\" class=\"wp-image-4480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Short and direct SPD connections generally reduce additional inductive voltage during fast surge-current events.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Good Practice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD connection should generally be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As short as practical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As direct as practical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free from unnecessary loops<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free from unnecessary sharp routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installed according to the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also why SPD location matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to understand this issue in more detail, see our guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/spd-distance-from-inverter\/\">A dist\u00e2ncia entre o DPS e o inversor \u00e9 importante?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where Should an SPD Be Installed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact position depends on the system being protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, an SPD may be installed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At a main distribution board<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At a sub-distribution board<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Near sensitive equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the DC input of a PV inverter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inside or near a PV combiner box<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the AC side of an inverter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At appropriate lightning protection zone boundaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your inverter already includes surge protection, do not assume that an additional external SPD is automatically unnecessary. See <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/solar-inverter-built-in-spd\/\">O inversor solar possui um DPS CC integrado: voc\u00ea ainda precisa de um DPS externo?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The objective is not simply to put \u201cone SPD somewhere in the system.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD should be positioned as part of a coordinated protection concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV systems in particular, cable length and the location of the inverter, modules and building entry points can affect whether additional SPDs are appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De acordo com <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dehn-international.com\/en\/solutions\/photovoltaics\/buildings\" rel=\"noopener\">DEHN\u2019s photovoltaic surge protection guidance<\/a><\/strong>, SPDs should be installed as close as possible to the equipment being protected, such as the inverter, on both the AC and DC sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The specific requirements should always be determined from the applicable installation standard, risk assessment and manufacturer instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a Parallel-Connected SPD Need a Fuse or Circuit Breaker?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes yes, but not always in exactly the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is another area where oversimplified advice can cause problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A parallel SPD may require an external:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fus\u00edvel<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disjuntor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Backup overcurrent protective device<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">depending on the SPD design and installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other SPDs may include internal protective or disconnecting components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct arrangement depends on factors such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manufacturer requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maximum permitted backup fuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Available prospective short-circuit current<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tens\u00e3o do sistema<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Local de instala\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Applicable electrical standard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD backup fuse and circuit breaker selection factors\" class=\"wp-image-4481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Backup protection requirements depend on the SPD design, system fault current and manufacturer instructions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NEMA specifically advises installers to follow the manufacturer&#8217;s requirements regarding fuses, breakers and connection leads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, do not assume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEvery SPD needs exactly the same backup breaker.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And do not assume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBecause the SPD is connected in parallel, no overcurrent protection is ever required.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both statements can be wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always check the SPD datasheet and installation instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Short SPD Connections Matter So Much<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine two identical SPDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD is mounted very close to the protected equipment, with short and direct conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD is several meters away and connected through long conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the SPD nameplate is identical, the effective protection at the equipment can be different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This happens because the connecting conductors contribute additional inductive voltage during a fast surge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NEMA explains this relationship using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V = L \u00d7 di\/dt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V<\/strong> = inductive voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L<\/strong> = indut\u00e2ncia do condutor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>di\/dt<\/strong> = rate of change of current<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The faster the current changes and the more inductance there is in the connection, the greater the additional voltage can become.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You do not need to calculate this formula for every normal installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A li\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica \u00e9 muito mais simples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keep SPD connections short and direct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common SPD Wiring Mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Common SPD wiring mistakes in surge protection installations\" class=\"wp-image-4482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Common SPD installation mistakes include long connection leads, incorrect voltage selection and ignoring manufacturer wiring requirements.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding why the SPD is connected in parallel also makes several common installation mistakes easier to recognize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Treating a Standard SPD Like a Series Device<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not simply place a normal parallel DIN-rail SPD in the main load path unless the manufacturer&#8217;s design specifically requires that configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow the wiring diagram for the exact product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Using Excessively Long Connection Wires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A good SPD with poor wiring may provide worse protection than expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long leads increase inductive voltage during a surge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Short and direct routing is generally preferred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ignoring the Protection and Earthing Arrangement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not assume every surge simply flows from one line terminal to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The protection modes depend on the electrical network and SPD design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Correct PE, bonding and circuit connections are essential where required by the product and installation design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Choosing the Wrong DC Voltage Rating<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD must be suitable for the voltage that can continuously appear at its terminals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly important in PV systems, where string open-circuit voltage changes with temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choosing an SPD only because it says \u201cDC SPD\u201d is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The voltage rating must match the actual PV system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a step-by-step method, see our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/dc-spd-selection-guide\/\">DC SPD voltage selection guide for solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Confusing In and Imax With Load Current<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most common misunderstandings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD marked:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">does not mean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normal load current = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In and Imax describe surge-current performance under specified impulse conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are not normal operating-current ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Ignoring the Manufacturer&#8217;s Backup Protection Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not guess the fuse or breaker size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different SPD designs can have different backup protection requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some products also include integrated protective components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the actual product documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Installing an SPD but Never Checking It Again<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many modular SPDs include a visual status indicator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the indicator shows a fault or replacement condition, the protection module may need to be replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some SPDs also have remote signaling contacts for connection to alarms, PLCs or monitoring systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installing the SPD is only the first step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its condition should also be checked during maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For common warning signs and replacement indicators, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/blog\/how-to-know-if-an-spd-is-bad\/\">How to Know If an SPD Is Bad?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parallel SPD vs. Circuit Breaker: What Is the Difference?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A circuit breaker and an SPD protect against different electrical problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disjuntor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A circuit breaker is mainly intended to interrupt abnormal current conditions such as overloads or short circuits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because it must sense and interrupt circuit current, it is connected in series with the load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DPS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD is intended to limit transient overvoltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical power SPD is connected in parallel so that it can conduct surge current when the transient voltage rises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Circuit breaker \u2192 current protection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SPD \u2192 transient overvoltage protection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One cannot normally replace the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They perform different jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parallel SPD vs. Fuse: What Is the Difference?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same principle applies to a fuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fuse is installed in series with the circuit it protects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normal load current passes through the fuse element.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If excessive current persists, the fuse element opens the circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical SPD behaves differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It remains connected across the protected circuit and responds mainly when the voltage reaches a level that causes its protective elements to conduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So although fuses, breakers and SPDs may all appear in the same electrical panel, their functions and connection methods are not the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Perguntas frequentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is an SPD Connected in Series or Parallel?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most common Type 1 and Type 2 power SPDs used in distribution boards and similar applications are connected in parallel with the circuit they protect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, specially designed series-connected SPDs and surge filters also exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always follow the wiring instructions for the exact product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Are Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs Usually Connected in Parallel?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical SPD is connected in parallel because it does not need to carry the normal load current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During normal voltage conditions, it remains in a high-impedance state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a transient overvoltage occurs, it conducts surge current through its protection path and limits the voltage across the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Current Normally Flow Through an SPD?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The normal load current does not normally flow through a typical parallel-connected SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, a small leakage or operating current may exist depending on the SPD technology and design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, saying \u201cabsolutely no current flows through an SPD\u201d would not be technically precise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does an SPD Send All Surge Current to Ground?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o necessariamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD may operate between line and neutral, line and earth, neutral and earth, line and line, or different DC conductors depending on its protection modes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact surge-current path depends on the SPD and electrical system configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can an SPD Be Connected Directly Across the Supply?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many power SPDs are designed to be connected in parallel across the appropriate conductors of the supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the exact wiring arrangement depends on the SPD type, system earthing arrangement, required overcurrent protection and manufacturer instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never determine the connection from a generic diagram alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Isn&#8217;t a Typical SPD Installed in Series With the Load?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A normal parallel SPD is not designed to serve as the continuous main load-current path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installing an inline device requires a product specifically designed for that purpose, including suitable current, terminal, fault and thermal ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are In and Imax the Current of the Solar System?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In and Imax are surge-discharge current parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They should not be confused with PV string operating current, short-circuit current or inverter input current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a DC SPD Connected Differently From an AC SPD?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The general surge-protection principle is similar, but DC and AC systems have important differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The voltage rating, polarity, protection modes, earthing arrangement and internal SPD design may differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV systems, always use an SPD intended for the specific DC application and follow its wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does an SPD Need a Ground Connection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on the protection mode and system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many power SPDs include protection paths involving PE, but not every surge protection mode is simply conductor-to-earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the manufacturer&#8217;s circuit diagram and the applicable earthing and bonding requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does SPD Wire Length Affect Protection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long SPD connection conductors add inductance and can increase the voltage experienced by the protected equipment during a fast transient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, connection conductors should generally be kept as short and direct as practical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principais conclus\u00f5es<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you only remember a few things from this article, remember these:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Most common Type 1 and Type 2 power SPDs are connected in parallel.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A parallel-connected SPD does not normally carry the equipment&#8217;s normal load current.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>During a surge, the SPD conducts surge current through its designed protection path and limits the transient voltage.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In and Imax are surge-discharge current ratings, not normal load-current ratings.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not every surge current path is simply \u201cto ground.\u201d The actual path depends on the SPD protection modes and system configuration.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Series-connected surge protection products do exist, so \u201cSPDs can never be connected in series\u201d is technically incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Short and direct SPD connections are important because conductor inductance can increase the effective voltage seen by the protected equipment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For PV DC systems, always follow the SPD wiring diagram, voltage rating, system earthing arrangement and manufacturer requirements.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, why is an SPD connected in parallel instead of series?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a typical Type 1 or Type 2 <strong>DPS conectado em paralelo<\/strong>, the normal load current does not pass through the SPD as it would through a series-connected device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under normal operating conditions, the SPD remains largely in standby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a surge occurs, it conducts through its designed protection path and helps limit the voltage appearing across the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is fundamentally different from a fuse or circuit breaker, which normally carries the circuit current and is therefore installed in series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, correct SPD installation involves more than simply choosing \u201cparallel.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD voltage rating, protection modes, location, conductor length, earthing and bonding arrangement, backup protection and manufacturer wiring diagram all affect the final protection performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV systems in particular, always use an SPD designed for the relevant DC application and verify the actual system voltage and wiring configuration before installation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you look at a typical surge protective device (SPD) installation, you may notice something different from a fuse or circuit breaker. A fuse or circuit breaker is normally installed in series with the circuit, so the load current passes through it. A typical power SPD is usually connected in parallel with the circuit it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4474"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4486,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474\/revisions\/4486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}