{"id":4474,"date":"2026-09-07T10:43:34","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T02:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4474"},"modified":"2026-09-07T16:20:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T08:20:23","slug":"why-spd-connected-in-parallel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/why-spd-connected-in-parallel\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 un SPD se conecta en paralelo en lugar de en serie?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si observa una instalaci\u00f3n t\u00edpica de un dispositivo de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones (SPD), puede notar algo diferente a un fusible o un interruptor autom\u00e1tico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un fusible o un interruptor autom\u00e1tico se instala normalmente en serie con el circuito, por lo que la corriente de carga pasa a trav\u00e9s de \u00e9l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un SPD de potencia t\u00edpico suele estar <strong>conectado en paralelo<\/strong> con el circuito que protege, raz\u00f3n por la cual muchos instaladores preguntan por qu\u00e9 un <strong>SPD se conecta en paralelo en lugar de en serie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La respuesta sencilla es que un SPD conectado en paralelo no necesita transportar la corriente de carga normal. En condiciones normales de funcionamiento, permanece en un estado de alta impedancia. Cuando ocurre una sobretensi\u00f3n transitoria, el SPD comienza a conducir y proporciona un camino de baja impedancia para la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n, limitando el voltaje que llega al equipo protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Es por esto que la conexi\u00f3n en paralelo es ampliamente utilizada para SPD de Tipo 1 y Tipo 2 en sistemas de distribuci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda y sistemas fotovoltaicos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, \u201cSPD = siempre en paralelo\u201d no es una regla absoluta. Tambi\u00e9n existen SPD conectados en serie y filtros de sobretensi\u00f3n para ciertas aplicaciones. En este art\u00edculo, hablamos principalmente del SPD de potencia conectado en paralelo, com\u00fan en sistemas de distribuci\u00f3n de CA y sistemas solares fotovoltaicos de CC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Respuesta r\u00e1pida: Conexi\u00f3n de SPD en paralelo vs. en serie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un t\u00edpico <strong>SPD conectado en paralelo<\/strong> est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para responder a eventos de sobretensi\u00f3n temporal sin transportar la corriente operativa normal de la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En condiciones normales:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n \u2192 Carga<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El SPD permanece en espera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando ocurre una sobretensi\u00f3n, el SPD cambia su comportamiento el\u00e9ctrico y conduce la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de su trayectoria de protecci\u00f3n, ayudando a limitar el voltaje que aparece en los equipos sensibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una disposici\u00f3n en paralelo simplificada se ve as\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente de alimentaci\u00f3n \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD parallel connection wiring in an electrical distribution system\" class=\"wp-image-4476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-parallel-connection-wiring.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Un SPD t\u00edpico conectado en paralelo se instala a trav\u00e9s del circuito protegido en lugar de directamente en la trayectoria normal de la corriente de carga.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El SPD se conecta a trav\u00e9s del circuito en lugar de insertarse directamente en la trayectoria normal de la corriente de carga. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/assets\/c8428ddc-254d-40b8-a2f2-540ac13bd818\/index.html#0\" rel=\"noopener\">Fundamentos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones de Phoenix Contact<\/a><\/strong> tambi\u00e9n explica que los SPD pueden instalarse en paralelo con el equipo protegido o entre los conductores correspondientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eaton describe los SPD conectados en paralelo, o en derivaci\u00f3n, de la misma manera: sus conductores de conexi\u00f3n no transportan la corriente de suministro normal, sino que transportan la corriente de corta duraci\u00f3n asociada con eventos transitorios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esa diferencia b\u00e1sica explica por qu\u00e9 la mayor\u00eda de los SPD de potencia comunes se instalan en paralelo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-9-16 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Why is an SPD connected in parallel instead of series?\" width=\"563\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/itkgmV2pQ98?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Observe c\u00f3mo se comporta un SPD t\u00edpico durante el funcionamiento normal y cuando ocurre una sobretensi\u00f3n.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 sucede con un SPD durante el funcionamiento normal?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para entender la conexi\u00f3n en paralelo, ayuda primero comprender qu\u00e9 hace el SPD cuando no hay sobretensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bajo tensi\u00f3n nominal del sistema<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante el funcionamiento normal, la tensi\u00f3n del sistema permanece por debajo del nivel en el que el SPD conduce de forma significativa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para un SPD basado en MOV, el elemento de protecci\u00f3n presenta una impedancia relativamente alta en condiciones de tensi\u00f3n normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto significa que la corriente operativa principal contin\u00faa a trav\u00e9s del circuito de potencia normal hacia la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El SPD est\u00e1 esencialmente en espera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una visi\u00f3n simplificada es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Alimentaci\u00f3n \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto no significa necesariamente que no fluya absolutamente nada de corriente a trav\u00e9s de cada SPD. Dependiendo de la tecnolog\u00eda y el dise\u00f1o del SPD, puede existir una peque\u00f1a corriente de fuga o de funcionamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El punto importante es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La corriente de carga normal no necesita fluir a trav\u00e9s de un SPD t\u00edpico conectado en paralelo.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of the SPD as a protection path waiting beside the main circuit rather than a component that must continuously carry the equipment&#8217;s operating current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 sucede cuando ocurre una sobretensi\u00f3n?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una sobretensi\u00f3n es un aumento de voltaje de corta duraci\u00f3n que puede ser causado por eventos como transitorios relacionados con rayos o maniobras de conmutaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the voltage across the SPD rises sufficiently, the SPD&#8217;s protection elements begin conducting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si desea una explicaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s detallada sobre c\u00f3mo responden los elementos de protecci\u00f3n a las sobretensiones transitorias, consulte nuestra gu\u00eda sobre <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/how-dc-spd-works-operating-principles-components-engineers-guide\/\">c\u00f3mo funciona un SPD de CC<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Su impedancia disminuye dr\u00e1sticamente en comparaci\u00f3n con la condici\u00f3n normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto permite que la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n fluya a trav\u00e9s de la ruta de protecci\u00f3n disponible y limita el voltaje transitorio que aparece en el equipo protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una representaci\u00f3n simplificada es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>                 Equipo\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, este diagrama es solo un ejemplo simplificado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un SPD hace <strong>no siempre desv\u00edan cada sobretensi\u00f3n directamente a tierra<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo del sistema el\u00e9ctrico y del dise\u00f1o del SPD, pueden existir modos de protecci\u00f3n entre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fase y neutro<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fase y tierra de protecci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neutro y tierra de protecci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fase y fase<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Positivo de CC y negativo de CC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conductores de CC y tierra de protecci\u00f3n (PE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por esta raz\u00f3n, es m\u00e1s preciso decir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El SPD proporciona una trayectoria controlada para la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n y limita la tensi\u00f3n transitoria en el equipo que protege.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La trayectoria exacta de la corriente depende de la configuraci\u00f3n del SPD y de la topolog\u00eda del sistema.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se conecta un SPD en paralelo?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para entender por qu\u00e9 un SPD se conecta en paralelo, resulta \u00fatil observar lo que sucede tanto durante el funcionamiento normal como durante un evento de sobretensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Existen varias razones importantes por las cuales un <strong>SPD conectado en paralelo<\/strong> se utiliza ampliamente en los sistemas de distribuci\u00f3n el\u00e9ctrica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. El SPD no necesita transportar la corriente de carga normal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta es una de las mayores diferencias entre un SPD y dispositivos como un interruptor autom\u00e1tico o un fusible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine que un inversor opera normalmente a decenas de amperios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con un SPD t\u00edpico conectado en paralelo, esa corriente de funcionamiento no tiene que pasar continuamente a trav\u00e9s del SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En su lugar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El SPD est\u00e1 conectado a trav\u00e9s del circuito protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esto significa que el SPD puede seleccionarse principalmente de acuerdo con los requisitos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones en lugar de hacerlo seg\u00fan la corriente de funcionamiento total de cada carga aguas abajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact similarly notes that its parallel-installed power SPDs appear electrically as a branch connected across the power distribution system rather than carrying the circuit&#8217;s normal ampacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. El SPD responde principalmente a eventos de sobretensi\u00f3n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un SPD t\u00edpico es sensible al voltaje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante el voltaje normal del sistema, permanece mayormente inactivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cuando un voltaje transitorio supera su rango de operaci\u00f3n normal, los elementos de protecci\u00f3n comienzan a conducir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eso es fundamentalmente diferente a un fusible, un interruptor autom\u00e1tico o un seccionador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fusible<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente \u2192 Fusible \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Interruptor autom\u00e1tico<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente \u2192 Interruptor \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SPD t\u00edpico en paralelo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un fusible o interruptor debe transportar normalmente la corriente del circuito porque se encuentra f\u00edsicamente en la trayectoria de la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un SPD en paralelo no lo hace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. La conexi\u00f3n en paralelo proporciona una ruta para la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El prop\u00f3sito de un SPD no es \u201cbloquear\u201d cada sobretensi\u00f3n antes de que llegue a la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En cambio, un SPD limitador de tensi\u00f3n responde al aumento de la tensi\u00f3n transitoria y conduce la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta acci\u00f3n limita la tensi\u00f3n en el circuito protegido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por ejemplo, en un sistema fotovoltaico simplificado:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Arreglo FV \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 Inversor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante el funcionamiento normal, la energ\u00eda fotovoltaica contin\u00faa hacia el inversor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Durante un evento de sobretensi\u00f3n, el SPD conduce de acuerdo con su modo de protecci\u00f3n y ayuda a mantener la tensi\u00f3n transitoria en un nivel inferior al que alcanzar\u00eda de otro modo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta es la raz\u00f3n fundamental por la que el SPD se coloca en paralelo al circuito.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. El SPD normalmente no forma parte de la trayectoria principal de alimentaci\u00f3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Debido a que el SPD t\u00edpico se conecta como una rama en paralelo, no se convierte en la trayectoria conductora normal entre la fuente y la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eso tiene una ventaja pr\u00e1ctica importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The system&#8217;s normal operating current does not depend on continuously passing through the SPD protection elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por supuesto, esto no significa que un SPD pueda ignorarse despu\u00e9s de la instalaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los SPD pueden degradarse o desconectarse despu\u00e9s de un esfuerzo el\u00e9ctrico anormal, por lo que su indicaci\u00f3n de estado debe verificarse peri\u00f3dicamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Isn&#8217;t a Typical SPD Connected in Series?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprender por qu\u00e9 un SPD se conecta en paralelo tambi\u00e9n ayuda a explicar por qu\u00e9 un SPD t\u00edpico conectado en derivaci\u00f3n no se coloca en serie con la trayectoria de carga normal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los interruptores autom\u00e1ticos y los fusibles se instalan normalmente en serie porque deben transportar la corriente del circuito. Un SPD en paralelo t\u00edpico est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para una funci\u00f3n diferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La corriente de carga normal tendr\u00eda que pasar a trav\u00e9s de un dispositivo en serie.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una conexi\u00f3n en serie real se ve as\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Fuente \u2192 Dispositivo \u2192 Carga\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si el conjunto completo del SPD se insertara en la trayectoria de la carga, el SPD tendr\u00eda que soportar la corriente de carga continua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sus conductores, terminales, dise\u00f1o t\u00e9rmico, rendimiento ante cortocircuitos y comportamiento ante fallos tendr\u00edan que estar dise\u00f1ados para esa aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esa no es la forma en que se utiliza normalmente el SPD en paralelo de Tipo 1 o Tipo 2 para riel DIN com\u00fan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Los valores nominales de sobretensi\u00f3n de los SPD no son valores nominales de corriente de carga<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Este es un punto especialmente importante al leer la placa de caracter\u00edsticas de un SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Supongamos que un SPD est\u00e1 marcado como:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Imax = 40 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD In and Imax surge current ratings compared with normal load current\" class=\"wp-image-4478\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-in-imax-vs-load-current.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In e Imax describen el rendimiento de descarga de sobretensi\u00f3n, no la corriente de funcionamiento normal del circuito protegido.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si estos valores nominales de los SPD siguen siendo confusos, nuestra <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/dc-spd-specifications\/\">Gu\u00eda de especificaciones de SPD de CC<\/a><\/strong> explica Ucpv, In, Imax, Up e Iscpv con m\u00e1s detalle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos n\u00fameros no <strong>no<\/strong> significan que el SPD est\u00e9 dise\u00f1ado para transportar continuamente una corriente de carga normal de 20 kA o 40 kA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para los SPD de Tipo 2, <strong>En<\/strong> se refiere a la corriente de descarga nominal asociada con un impulso de corriente de 8\/20 \u03bcs, mientras que <strong>Imax<\/strong> se refiere a la corriente de descarga m\u00e1xima asociada con un impulso de 8\/20 \u03bcs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact&#8217;s technical definitions likewise describe In and Imax as impulse-current values flowing through the SPD, not normal continuous load-current ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por lo tanto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In e Imax son valores nominales de corriente de descarga de sobretensi\u00f3n. No son la corriente de funcionamiento normal de la carga.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta distinci\u00f3n es muy importante al seleccionar o explicar un SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfSignifica esto que los SPD conectados en serie no existen?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Esta es una excepci\u00f3n importante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aunque los SPD de potencia de Tipo 1 y Tipo 2 comunes tratados en este art\u00edculo generalmente se instalan en paralelo, tambi\u00e9n existen conjuntos de SPD conectados en serie y filtros de sobretensi\u00f3n conectados en serie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schneider Electric se\u00f1ala que los productos conectados en serie se instalan com\u00fanmente en l\u00ednea cerca de cargas espec\u00edficas, mientras que los SPD conectados en paralelo son la disposici\u00f3n m\u00e1s com\u00fan en cuadros el\u00e9ctricos y paneles de distribuci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A series-connected product has to be designed specifically to carry the circuit&#8217;s load current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por lo tanto, ser\u00eda incorrecto decir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cUn SPD nunca debe conectarse en serie.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Una afirmaci\u00f3n t\u00e9cnicamente m\u00e1s precisa es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La mayor\u00eda de los SPD de tipo 1 y tipo 2 para distribuci\u00f3n de energ\u00eda se conectan en paralelo, aunque tambi\u00e9n existen productos de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones conectados en serie dise\u00f1ados espec\u00edficamente para aplicaciones particulares.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV and general distribution-board applications, always follow the actual SPD manufacturer&#8217;s wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conexi\u00f3n en paralelo frente a conexi\u00f3n en serie: comparaci\u00f3n sencilla<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La siguiente tabla muestra c\u00f3mo un dispositivo t\u00edpico <strong>SPD conectado en paralelo<\/strong> difiere de un dispositivo instalado directamente en la trayectoria de la corriente de carga normal.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Parallel SPD connection compared with a series-connected electrical device\" class=\"wp-image-4479\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/parallel-spd-vs-series-device.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Un SPD t\u00edpico en paralelo se conecta a trav\u00e9s del circuito protegido, mientras que un dispositivo conectado en serie se sit\u00faa directamente en la trayectoria de la corriente normal.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Caracter\u00edstica<\/th><th>SPD en paralelo t\u00edpico<\/th><th>Dispositivo conectado en serie<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Conectado directamente en la trayectoria de carga normal<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>La corriente de carga normal pasa a trav\u00e9s de todo el dispositivo<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Disposici\u00f3n com\u00fan para SPD de potencia Tipo 1 \/ Tipo 2<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><td>Menos com\u00fan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Prop\u00f3sito principal<\/td><td>Limita la sobretensi\u00f3n transitoria proporcionando una trayectoria para la corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n<\/td><td>Depende del dise\u00f1o del producto<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Corriente nominal continua cr\u00edtica para el dispositivo completo<\/td><td>Generalmente no de la misma manera que un dispositivo en l\u00ednea<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>La longitud del cable de instalaci\u00f3n afecta la protecci\u00f3n<\/td><td>S\u00ed<\/td><td>La disposici\u00f3n interna puede reducir los efectos de la longitud del cable en paralelo externo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aplicaciones t\u00edpicas<\/td><td>Cuadros de distribuci\u00f3n, entradas de equipos, sistemas fotovoltaicos<\/td><td>Cargas sensibles seleccionadas o aplicaciones especializadas de protecci\u00f3n\/filtrado<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El punto importante no es que un m\u00e9todo sea universalmente \u201cbueno\u201d y el otro \u201cmalo\u201d.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Son arquitecturas de producto diferentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, para un SPD de alimentaci\u00f3n de carril DIN normal, la conexi\u00f3n en paralelo es generalmente el m\u00e9todo de instalaci\u00f3n esperado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00bfC\u00f3mo se conecta un SPD en un sistema fotovoltaico de CC?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same principle applies in many photovoltaic systems, where the SPD is connected in parallel with the DC circuit according to the manufacturer&#8217;s wiring configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"DC SPD connected in parallel in a solar PV system\" class=\"wp-image-4477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-parallel-connection-solar-pv-system.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Un SPD de CC se conecta normalmente en paralelo con el circuito fotovoltaico seg\u00fan la configuraci\u00f3n del SPD y el diagrama de cableado del fabricante.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sin embargo, el cableado del SPD de CC requiere un cuidado especial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No es correcto asumir que todo SPD fotovoltaico se cablea simplemente as\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>CC+ \u2192 SPD \u2192 PE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El circuito de protecci\u00f3n interno real puede ser diferente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo del producto y de la configuraci\u00f3n del sistema fotovoltaico, el SPD puede proporcionar modos de protecci\u00f3n entre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CC+ y PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC- y PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ y DC-<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Una combinaci\u00f3n de estas rutas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se utilizan diferentes disposiciones de circuitos SPD para diferentes sistemas de puesta a tierra y arquitecturas fotovoltaicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para un SPD fotovoltaico conectado en paralelo, la disposici\u00f3n exacta de los terminales sigue dependiendo del dise\u00f1o del SPD, la topolog\u00eda del sistema y el esquema de cableado del fabricante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why the wiring diagram printed on the SPD or provided in the manufacturer&#8217;s installation instructions is so important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas de CC, la norma de producto IEC dedicada es la IEC 61643-31. DEHN tambi\u00e9n identifica la IEC 60364-7-712 y la IEC 60364-5-53 entre las normas de instalaci\u00f3n relevantes para aplicaciones de SPD fotovoltaicos y de baja tensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">No copie un esquema de cableado de SPD de CA para un SPD de CC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aunque los SPD de CA y CC se basan en principios de protecci\u00f3n contra sobretensiones similares, los sistemas no son intercambiables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los sistemas de CC presentan desaf\u00edos adicionales porque la corriente continua no tiene un paso por cero natural, lo que dificulta la interrupci\u00f3n de los arcos de CC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por esta raz\u00f3n, el SPD debe ser espec\u00edficamente adecuado para la tensi\u00f3n de CC, la configuraci\u00f3n del sistema y la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compruebe siempre:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima de funcionamiento continuo<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Polaridad de CC y marcas de los terminales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tipo de SPD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modos de protecci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Disposici\u00f3n de puesta a tierra<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Requisitos de cortocircuito<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diagrama de cableado del fabricante<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">antes de la instalaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ejemplo: Lectura de un SPD de CC Tipo 2 de KUANGYA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Utilizando un SPD de CC Tipo 2 KYPV\/1000 de KUANGYA como ejemplo, la placa de caracter\u00edsticas puede incluir par\u00e1metros tales como:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Uc = 1000 V CC<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imax = 40 kA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Up = 3.5 kV<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These values describe different parts of the SPD&#8217;s electrical performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Uc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uc es la tensi\u00f3n m\u00e1xima de funcionamiento continuo especificada para el SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se debe considerar la tensi\u00f3n del sistema y las posibles condiciones de operaci\u00f3n al elegir una tensi\u00f3n nominal adecuada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">En<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In es la corriente de descarga nominal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para un SPD de Tipo 2, est\u00e1 asociada con una forma de onda de corriente de impulso de 8\/20 \u03bcs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Imax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imax es la corriente de descarga m\u00e1xima especificada para el SPD, tambi\u00e9n asociada con la forma de onda de 8\/20 \u03bcs para este tipo de dispositivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imax es igual o mayor que In.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Arriba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Up es el nivel de protecci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indica el rendimiento de limitaci\u00f3n de tensi\u00f3n del SPD bajo condiciones de prueba especificadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key point for today&#8217;s topic is this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>20 kA In y 40 kA Imax no significan que 20 kA o 40 kA fluyan continuamente a trav\u00e9s del SPD durante el funcionamiento normal.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estos son par\u00e1metros de corriente de sobretensi\u00f3n transitoria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is another reason why comparing an SPD&#8217;s In or Imax directly with the load current of an inverter is incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Parallel Connection Mean Wire Length Does Not Matter?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In fact, connection length is extremely important for a parallel-connected SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A surge has a very fast current rise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The connecting conductors therefore have inductance, and the rapidly changing surge current can create an additional voltage drop along those conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That additional voltage is effectively added to the voltage experienced by the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seg\u00fan <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nemasurge.org\/correct-installation-of-hard-wired-surge-protective-device\/\" rel=\"noopener\">NEMA\u2019s guidance on hard-wired SPD installation<\/a><\/strong>, the size and length of the connecting leads can affect the performance of a parallel-connected SPD, and short, direct connections are preferred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact makes the same point: long connecting conductors can increase the effective voltage protection level seen in the installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So even if two installations use exactly the same SPD, their real-world protection performance may not be identical if one has much longer connection conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Short and long SPD connection leads compared for surge protection\" class=\"wp-image-4480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-connection-lead-length-protection.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Short and direct SPD connections generally reduce additional inductive voltage during fast surge-current events.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Good Practice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD connection should generally be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>As short as practical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As direct as practical<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free from unnecessary loops<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Free from unnecessary sharp routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installed according to the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is also why SPD location matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to understand this issue in more detail, see our guide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/spd-distance-from-inverter\/\">\u00bfInfluye la distancia entre el SPD y el inversor?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where Should an SPD Be Installed?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact position depends on the system being protected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, an SPD may be installed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At a main distribution board<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At a sub-distribution board<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Near sensitive equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the DC input of a PV inverter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inside or near a PV combiner box<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the AC side of an inverter<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At appropriate lightning protection zone boundaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your inverter already includes surge protection, do not assume that an additional external SPD is automatically unnecessary. See <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/solar-inverter-built-in-spd\/\">El inversor solar tiene un SPD de CC integrado: \u00bftodav\u00eda necesita un SPD externo?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The objective is not simply to put \u201cone SPD somewhere in the system.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD should be positioned as part of a coordinated protection concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV systems in particular, cable length and the location of the inverter, modules and building entry points can affect whether additional SPDs are appropriate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seg\u00fan <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dehn-international.com\/en\/solutions\/photovoltaics\/buildings\" rel=\"noopener\">DEHN\u2019s photovoltaic surge protection guidance<\/a><\/strong>, SPDs should be installed as close as possible to the equipment being protected, such as the inverter, on both the AC and DC sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The specific requirements should always be determined from the applicable installation standard, risk assessment and manufacturer instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a Parallel-Connected SPD Need a Fuse or Circuit Breaker?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes yes, but not always in exactly the same way.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is another area where oversimplified advice can cause problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A parallel SPD may require an external:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fusible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interruptor autom\u00e1tico<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Backup overcurrent protective device<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">depending on the SPD design and installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other SPDs may include internal protective or disconnecting components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct arrangement depends on factors such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Manufacturer requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maximum permitted backup fuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Available prospective short-circuit current<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tensi\u00f3n del sistema<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ubicaci\u00f3n de instalaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Applicable electrical standard<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"SPD backup fuse and circuit breaker selection factors\" class=\"wp-image-4481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/spd-backup-fuse-circuit-breaker.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Backup protection requirements depend on the SPD design, system fault current and manufacturer instructions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NEMA specifically advises installers to follow the manufacturer&#8217;s requirements regarding fuses, breakers and connection leads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, do not assume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cEvery SPD needs exactly the same backup breaker.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And do not assume:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cBecause the SPD is connected in parallel, no overcurrent protection is ever required.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both statements can be wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always check the SPD datasheet and installation instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Short SPD Connections Matter So Much<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine two identical SPDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD is mounted very close to the protected equipment, with short and direct conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Installation B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD is several meters away and connected through long conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the SPD nameplate is identical, the effective protection at the equipment can be different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This happens because the connecting conductors contribute additional inductive voltage during a fast surge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NEMA explains this relationship using:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V = L \u00d7 di\/dt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>V<\/strong> = inductive voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L<\/strong> = inductancia del conductor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>di\/dt<\/strong> = rate of change of current<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The faster the current changes and the more inductance there is in the connection, the greater the additional voltage can become.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You do not need to calculate this formula for every normal installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La lecci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica es mucho m\u00e1s sencilla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Keep SPD connections short and direct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common SPD Wiring Mistakes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-1024x768.png\" alt=\"Common SPD wiring mistakes in surge protection installations\" class=\"wp-image-4482\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/common-spd-wiring-mistakes.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Common SPD installation mistakes include long connection leads, incorrect voltage selection and ignoring manufacturer wiring requirements.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding why the SPD is connected in parallel also makes several common installation mistakes easier to recognize.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Treating a Standard SPD Like a Series Device<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not simply place a normal parallel DIN-rail SPD in the main load path unless the manufacturer&#8217;s design specifically requires that configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow the wiring diagram for the exact product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Using Excessively Long Connection Wires<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A good SPD with poor wiring may provide worse protection than expected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long leads increase inductive voltage during a surge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Short and direct routing is generally preferred.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Ignoring the Protection and Earthing Arrangement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not assume every surge simply flows from one line terminal to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The protection modes depend on the electrical network and SPD design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Correct PE, bonding and circuit connections are essential where required by the product and installation design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Choosing the Wrong DC Voltage Rating<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD must be suitable for the voltage that can continuously appear at its terminals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is particularly important in PV systems, where string open-circuit voltage changes with temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Choosing an SPD only because it says \u201cDC SPD\u201d is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The voltage rating must match the actual PV system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a step-by-step method, see our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/dc-spd-selection-guide\/\">DC SPD voltage selection guide for solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Confusing In and Imax With Load Current<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most common misunderstandings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD marked:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">does not mean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normal load current = 20 kA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In and Imax describe surge-current performance under specified impulse conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are not normal operating-current ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Ignoring the Manufacturer&#8217;s Backup Protection Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not guess the fuse or breaker size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different SPD designs can have different backup protection requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some products also include integrated protective components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the actual product documentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Installing an SPD but Never Checking It Again<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many modular SPDs include a visual status indicator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the indicator shows a fault or replacement condition, the protection module may need to be replaced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some SPDs also have remote signaling contacts for connection to alarms, PLCs or monitoring systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installing the SPD is only the first step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its condition should also be checked during maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For common warning signs and replacement indicators, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/blog\/how-to-know-if-an-spd-is-bad\/\">How to Know If an SPD Is Bad?<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parallel SPD vs. Circuit Breaker: What Is the Difference?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A circuit breaker and an SPD protect against different electrical problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interruptor autom\u00e1tico<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A circuit breaker is mainly intended to interrupt abnormal current conditions such as overloads or short circuits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because it must sense and interrupt circuit current, it is connected in series with the load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">SPD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD is intended to limit transient overvoltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical power SPD is connected in parallel so that it can conduct surge current when the transient voltage rises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That means:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Circuit breaker \u2192 current protection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>SPD \u2192 transient overvoltage protection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One cannot normally replace the other.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They perform different jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parallel SPD vs. Fuse: What Is the Difference?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same principle applies to a fuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A fuse is installed in series with the circuit it protects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normal load current passes through the fuse element.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If excessive current persists, the fuse element opens the circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical SPD behaves differently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It remains connected across the protected circuit and responds mainly when the voltage reaches a level that causes its protective elements to conduct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So although fuses, breakers and SPDs may all appear in the same electrical panel, their functions and connection methods are not the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is an SPD Connected in Series or Parallel?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most common Type 1 and Type 2 power SPDs used in distribution boards and similar applications are connected in parallel with the circuit they protect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, specially designed series-connected SPDs and surge filters also exist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always follow the wiring instructions for the exact product.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Are Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs Usually Connected in Parallel?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical SPD is connected in parallel because it does not need to carry the normal load current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During normal voltage conditions, it remains in a high-impedance state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a transient overvoltage occurs, it conducts surge current through its protection path and limits the voltage across the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does Current Normally Flow Through an SPD?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The normal load current does not normally flow through a typical parallel-connected SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, a small leakage or operating current may exist depending on the SPD technology and design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, saying \u201cabsolutely no current flows through an SPD\u201d would not be technically precise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does an SPD Send All Surge Current to Ground?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No necesariamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An SPD may operate between line and neutral, line and earth, neutral and earth, line and line, or different DC conductors depending on its protection modes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact surge-current path depends on the SPD and electrical system configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can an SPD Be Connected Directly Across the Supply?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many power SPDs are designed to be connected in parallel across the appropriate conductors of the supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the exact wiring arrangement depends on the SPD type, system earthing arrangement, required overcurrent protection and manufacturer instructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never determine the connection from a generic diagram alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Isn&#8217;t a Typical SPD Installed in Series With the Load?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A normal parallel SPD is not designed to serve as the continuous main load-current path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Installing an inline device requires a product specifically designed for that purpose, including suitable current, terminal, fault and thermal ratings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Are In and Imax the Current of the Solar System?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In and Imax are surge-discharge current parameters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They should not be confused with PV string operating current, short-circuit current or inverter input current.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a DC SPD Connected Differently From an AC SPD?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The general surge-protection principle is similar, but DC and AC systems have important differences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The voltage rating, polarity, protection modes, earthing arrangement and internal SPD design may differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV systems, always use an SPD intended for the specific DC application and follow its wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does an SPD Need a Ground Connection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It depends on the protection mode and system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many power SPDs include protection paths involving PE, but not every surge protection mode is simply conductor-to-earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the manufacturer&#8217;s circuit diagram and the applicable earthing and bonding requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does SPD Wire Length Affect Protection?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long SPD connection conductors add inductance and can increase the voltage experienced by the protected equipment during a fast transient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For this reason, connection conductors should generally be kept as short and direct as practical.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Principales conclusiones<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you only remember a few things from this article, remember these:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Most common Type 1 and Type 2 power SPDs are connected in parallel.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A parallel-connected SPD does not normally carry the equipment&#8217;s normal load current.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>During a surge, the SPD conducts surge current through its designed protection path and limits the transient voltage.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>In and Imax are surge-discharge current ratings, not normal load-current ratings.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not every surge current path is simply \u201cto ground.\u201d The actual path depends on the SPD protection modes and system configuration.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Series-connected surge protection products do exist, so \u201cSPDs can never be connected in series\u201d is technically incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Short and direct SPD connections are important because conductor inductance can increase the effective voltage seen by the protected equipment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For PV DC systems, always follow the SPD wiring diagram, voltage rating, system earthing arrangement and manufacturer requirements.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So, why is an SPD connected in parallel instead of series?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a typical Type 1 or Type 2 <strong>SPD conectado en paralelo<\/strong>, the normal load current does not pass through the SPD as it would through a series-connected device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under normal operating conditions, the SPD remains largely in standby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a surge occurs, it conducts through its designed protection path and helps limit the voltage appearing across the protected equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is fundamentally different from a fuse or circuit breaker, which normally carries the circuit current and is therefore installed in series.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, correct SPD installation involves more than simply choosing \u201cparallel.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD voltage rating, protection modes, location, conductor length, earthing and bonding arrangement, backup protection and manufacturer wiring diagram all affect the final protection performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV systems in particular, always use an SPD designed for the relevant DC application and verify the actual system voltage and wiring configuration before installation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you look at a typical surge protective device (SPD) installation, you may notice something different from a fuse or circuit breaker. A fuse or circuit breaker is normally installed in series with the circuit, so the load current passes through it. A typical power SPD is usually connected in parallel with the circuit it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4474"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4486,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4474\/revisions\/4486"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4475"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4474"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4474"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}