{"id":4545,"date":"2026-09-17T14:25:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T06:25:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4545"},"modified":"2026-09-17T14:26:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T06:26:15","slug":"2p-vs-3p-dc-spd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd\/","title":{"rendered":"2P \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3P DC SPD \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (2P \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 3P) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (2P) \u0623\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (3P)\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a 2P \u0648 3P \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0646 (2P) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 (3P) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (2P) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646.<\/strong>, \u0648 <strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (3P) \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct SPD must be selected according to the electrical topology and the manufacturer&#8217;s approved connection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644<\/th><th>\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0639\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 (DC+) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (DC-).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (SPD) \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (2P)\u061f<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (SPD) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (3P) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u201c\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u201d (PE pole)\u061f<\/td><td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (3P) \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (2P)\u061f<\/td><td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (2P) \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 (3P) \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/td><td>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td><td>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Ucpv)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/td><td>IEC 61643-32<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not select a PV SPD by counting modules alone. Read the manufacturer&#8217;s circuit diagram and confirm that the SPD is approved for your PV system topology.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c2P\u201d \u0623\u0648 \u201c3P\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.png\" alt=\"2P DC SPD product image for solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-600x450.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-dc-spd-product-kuangya.png 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 (2P) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u201cP\u201d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b <strong>\u0642\u0637\u0628 (pole)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628<\/strong>, \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (DC+) \u0648 (DC-) \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/td><td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 (PE)<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 Y<\/td><td>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 Y<\/td><td>\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0634\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f: \u0641\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/3-1-vs-4-0-spd\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 3+1 \u0648 4+0 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 230\/400 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 (String) \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-31<\/a> \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 <strong>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-853x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Typical wiring and protection modes of 2P and 3P DC SPD in solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4558\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-853x1024.jpg 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-768x922.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-300x360.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya-600x720.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-3p-dc-spd-wiring-diagram-kuangya.jpg 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC+) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 (DC-) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (PE) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC+) \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (PE)<\/td><td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC-) \u2190 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a (PE)<\/td><td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u2190 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td><td>Differential surge between the two DC conductors<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A correctly designed PV SPD can provide several of these protection paths through its internal network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why looking only at the number of visible modules can be misleading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, Phoenix Contact publishes PV SPDs using a <strong>Y configuration<\/strong> that provide protection modes between:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L+ and L\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L+ and PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2212 and PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">even though the manufacturer&#8217;s naming may refer to a \u201c2+V\u201d arrangement. Phoenix Contact lists these modes explicitly for its 1000 V PV devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Y-Circuit PV SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"3P DC SPD product image for solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4556\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/3p-dc-spd-product-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A 3P DC SPD often has a wider, three-module construction, but the correct choice depends on system topology and protection design.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Y-circuit is a common protective arrangement used in photovoltaic surge protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instead of simply placing one MOV from positive to earth and another MOV from negative to earth, the SPD uses a coordinated internal network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conceptually:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DC+<\/strong><br>\u2193<br>Protection element<br>\u2193<br>Common protection point<br>\u2193<br>Protection element<br>\u2193<br><strong>\u0628\u0649 \u0628\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">and another path connects the DC\u2212 conductor into the protective network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact circuit varies by manufacturer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The important point is that the internal network can provide protection for both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>common-mode surges toward earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>voltage stress between DC conductors<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">while also addressing PV-specific fault conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO, for example, describes its 1000 V PV surge protection solution as using an <strong>error-resistant Y circuit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD: Main Differences<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"Side-by-side comparison of 2P and 3P DC SPD for solar PV\" class=\"wp-image-4557\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-comparison-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A side-by-side view helps illustrate the physical difference between 2P and 3P DC SPD configurations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following table provides a useful engineering comparison, but the manufacturer&#8217;s wiring diagram always takes priority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th><th>2P DC SPD<\/th><th>3P \/ Three-Module DC SPD<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Physical size<\/td><td>Often smaller<\/td><td>Usually wider<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Number of visible modules<\/td><td>Often 2<\/td><td>Often 3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC conductors protected<\/td><td>Typically DC+ and DC\u2212<\/td><td>Typically DC+ and DC\u2212<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 (PE)<\/td><td>May be included<\/td><td>Usually included<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Internal circuit<\/td><td>Depends on manufacturer<\/td><td>Often PV-specific Y circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable for floating PV<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><td>Common, but still model-dependent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suitable for grounded PV<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><td>Model-dependent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Differential protection<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Common-mode protection<\/td><td>Check datasheet<\/td><td>Common on PV-specific designs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>Often lower<\/td><td>Often slightly higher<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DIN rail width<\/td><td>Usually smaller<\/td><td>Usually larger<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Better protection?<\/td><td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key difference is therefore not simply <strong>\u201ctwo modules versus three modules.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real difference is the <strong>approved protection circuit behind those modules<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 1: OBO 2-Pole 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO publishes a V20 1000 V DC photovoltaic surge protective device described as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The manufacturer identifies it as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2-pole for earthed PV systems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Published specifications include approximately:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>OBO V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td><td>Earthed PV systems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pole version<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum continuous DC voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nominal discharge current In<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum discharge current Imax<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage protection level Up<\/td><td>\u22644.0 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td><td>\u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN 35 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is a good example of why the phrase <strong>\u201c2P DC SPD\u201d requires context<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO specifically associates this configuration with <strong>earthed photovoltaic systems<\/strong> rather than presenting it as a universal solution for every PV system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 2: OBO 3-Pole 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO also offers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.obo-bettermann.com\/out\/media\/TBS-V20-C_3-PH-1000-5094608-en.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\">OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This product is described as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3-pole for PV systems.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its published data includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/th><th>OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pole version<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum continuous voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nominal discharge current In<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum discharge current Imax<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Voltage protection level Up<\/td><td>\u22644.0 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit<\/td><td>PV Y circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td><td>\u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN 35 \u0645\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO also describes this product family as using an <strong>error-resistant Y circuit<\/strong> for PV applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notice something important:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2-pole and 3-pole products can have very similar headline ratings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>20 kA In<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>approximately 4 kV Up<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yet their intended system configurations are different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This demonstrates why <strong>voltage and kA values alone are not enough to select an SPD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 3: Phoenix Contact 1000 V PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact&#8217;s <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.phoenixcontact.com\/en-us\/products\/pv-arrester-val-ms-1000dc-pv2v-fm-2800627\" rel=\"noopener\">VAL-MS 1000DC-PV\/2+V-FM<\/a><\/strong> provides another useful example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its VALVETRAB PV devices use a <strong>Y configuration<\/strong> and provide protection modes including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L+ to L\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L+ to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2212 to PE<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One published Type 2 model for a 1000 V DC PV system has:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>Published Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>2000 A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>\u22643.3 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit<\/td><td>Y configuration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protection modes<\/td><td>L+\/L\u2212, L+\/PE, L\u2212\/PE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phoenix Contact describes this product as being suitable for a <strong>two-position isolated 1000 V DC system<\/strong>, yet the internal circuit still provides three protection relationships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Again, this proves that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Number of active PV conductors \u2260 number of internal surge protection elements.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 4: ABB \u2014 Two Protected Lines, Multiple Modules<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB provides perhaps the clearest example of why terminology can confuse buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/library.e.abb.com\/public\/28a8cca9581e4705935631c602dd1351\/OVR%20%20PV%20T2%2040%20-1000%20P%209AKK107992A4590_US%20Rev.A%20Jan.2022.pdf?x-sign=4JkprUt4DlUVq73mXHNjQLYZaNPhRaeMKYIWG7Nhw1Lx4zypkEV%2B89kIiEHVxsZ0&amp;utm\" rel=\"noopener\">ABB&#8217;s OVR PV Type 2 series specifies<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Protected lines: 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">but the protection modes include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DC+ to DC\u2212<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ to ground<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 to ground<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB lists PV models for both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its 1000 V Type 2 product, published characteristics include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>ABB OVR PV T2 40-1000<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protected lines<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>4 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Protection modes<\/td><td>DC+\/DC\u2212, DC+\/G, DC\u2212\/G<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For its 1500 V version:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>ABB OVR PV T2 40-1500<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Protected lines<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>15 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>5 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ABB&#8217;s data demonstrates an important distinction:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cProtected lines: 2\u201d does not mean the SPD only provides two possible surge paths.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Real Manufacturer Example 5: DEHN 2-Pole PV SPD<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DEHN also publishes a 1000 V photovoltaic Type 2 SPD described as a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>two-pole surge arrester<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">for protecting one MPP input.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One DEHNcube YPV SCI 1000 model has published characteristics including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>Published Value<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td><td>One MPP input<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPD type<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>1 kA<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>12.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>\u22644 kV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>IP65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DEHN also emphasizes a PV-specific Y circuit and its DC disconnection technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lesson is again the same:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201c2-pole\u201d alone does not tell you whether the device matches your PV architecture.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Manufacturer Comparison: Why the Label Alone Is Not Enough<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Manufacturer Example<\/th><th>Manufacturer Terminology<\/th><th>PV Voltage<\/th><th>Key Point<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>OBO V20-C 2-PH-1000<\/td><td>2 - \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>Specified for earthed PV systems<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>OBO V20-C 3-PH-1000<\/td><td>3 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>PV Y-circuit design<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phoenix Contact VALVETRAB<\/td><td>2+V \/ Y configuration<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>Protects L+\/L\u2212 and both lines to PE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ABB OVR PV<\/td><td>2 protected lines<\/td><td>1000\/1500 V<\/td><td>Multiple protection modes despite two protected conductors<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DEHNcube YPV SCI<\/td><td>2 - \u0642\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td><td>1000 V<\/td><td>PV-specific design for one MPP input<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why professional SPD selection should be based on the <strong>manufacturer&#8217;s protection circuit<\/strong>, not only a marketplace listing that says \u201c2P\u201d or \u201c3P.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does PE Count as a Pole?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most common questions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PE means <strong>protective earth<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a PV SPD, PE may be connected to one or more internal surge protection components, but the PE terminal is not always counted as an additional \u201cpole\u201d in the product name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturer terminology varies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>one manufacturer may call a device <strong>2P<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may call a similar physical layout <strong>2+V<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may call the assembly a <strong>three-module PV SPD<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another may simply say <strong>two protected lines<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never assume that a \u201c3P SPD\u201d means \u201cDC+, DC\u2212 and PE are three equivalent poles.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are not equivalent conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does a 3P DC SPD Provide Better Protection Than a 2P SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A three-module product can be highly suitable for one PV topology and incorrect for another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, a two-pole product specifically designed for a particular grounded system may be exactly what the manufacturer requires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A better comparison is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Bad Selection Question<\/th><th>Better Selection Question<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Which has more poles?<\/td><td>Which topology is approved for my PV system?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which has more modules?<\/td><td>Which protection modes are provided?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which has the larger kA number?<\/td><td>Are In, Imax\/Iimp and Up suitable for the application?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Which one is cheaper?<\/td><td>Does it comply with the required PV SPD standard?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Is 3P stronger?<\/td><td>Is the device designed for my earthing arrangement?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The internal circuit matters more than the number printed after \u201cP.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grounded vs Floating PV Systems<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before choosing between different SPD arrangements, determine how the PV DC side is referenced to earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two broad situations may occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Floating or Isolated DC Side<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither DC+ nor DC\u2212 is intentionally bonded directly to PE under normal operating conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This arrangement is common in many modern PV inverter systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD must be suitable for the insulation and monitoring concept of the inverter and PV generator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Grounded DC Side<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One part of the DC system is intentionally referenced to earth according to the system design.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A manufacturer may provide a specific SPD arrangement for this configuration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, OBO explicitly markets its 2-pole 1000 V model for <strong>earthed PV systems<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is why installers should never convert between configurations simply to reduce the number of SPD modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P Does Not Determine SPD Type<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another common misunderstanding is mixing up:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>pole configuration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They describe different characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2P \/ 3P<\/td><td>Pole or module arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1<\/td><td>Lightning-current-capable SPD test category<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>Surge protection tested with 8\/20 \u00b5s current waveform<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>Combined lightning-current and surge protection functionality<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>Maximum continuous PV operating voltage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/td><td>Impulse discharge current<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>Voltage protection level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>PV short-circuit current rating<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>3P Type 2 SPD<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>3P Type 1+2 SPD<\/strong> are therefore not the same device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Likewise, a <strong>2P Type 2<\/strong> cannot be replaced with a 3P Type 1+2 simply because the second product appears \u201cbigger.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does PV Voltage Determine Whether You Need 2P or 3P?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-853x1024.png\" alt=\"PV voltage, Voc and SPD selection for 1000V and 1500V solar systems\" class=\"wp-image-4560\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-853x1024.png 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-250x300.png 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-768x922.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-300x360.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya-600x720.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/pv-voltage-spd-selection-1000v-1500v-kuangya.png 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">PV maximum voltage and cold-weather Voc must be checked before selecting the correct DC SPD rating.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PV voltage does affect SPD selection, but it does not by itself determine pole arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, PV SPDs are available for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1200 V DC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>other manufacturer-specific ratings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key voltage parameter is normally <strong>Ucpv<\/strong>, the maximum continuous operating voltage of the PV SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a detailed method of selecting 600V, 1000V, or 1500V protection, see our <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/dc-spd-selection-guide\/\">DC SPD voltage selection guide for solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ucpv must be suitable for the maximum voltage that can appear in the PV array.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Cold-Weather Voc Matters<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PV module open-circuit voltage rises when cell temperature falls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, the system&#8217;s maximum possible string voltage may be higher than the simple STC Voc calculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A simplified selection process is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Maximum string voltage \u2248 number of modules in series \u00d7 module Voc \u00d7 low-temperature correction factor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The exact correction should follow:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>module manufacturer data<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>project design conditions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>applicable electrical standards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The selected SPD must have a Ucpv rating appropriate for the resulting maximum PV voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: 1000 V PV System<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider a commercial PV installation with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>18 modules in series<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>module Voc = 49 V<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>calculated cold-weather correction factor = 1.12<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Approximate maximum string voltage:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>18 \u00d7 49 \u00d7 1.12 = 987.8 V<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 600 V SPD would clearly be unsuitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The designer would need a PV SPD whose Ucpv safely accommodates the calculated voltage according to the manufacturer&#8217;s selection rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But after establishing the voltage requirement, the designer must still determine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>grounded or floating PV topology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installation point<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only then should pole configuration be selected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Example: Why \u201c1000 V 40 kA\u201d Is Not Enough<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Imagine two products listed online:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product A<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2P<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product B<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3P<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At first glance, Product B may appear \u201cbetter.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But that conclusion is impossible without knowing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Required Information<\/th><th>Product A<\/th><th>Product B<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Circuit topology<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Grounded\/floating system approval<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Internal disconnection<\/td><td>?<\/td><td>?<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If these values are missing, the pole count provides very little useful information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which Ratings Should Be Checked Before Pole Count?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For PV SPD procurement, we recommend checking parameters in approximately this order:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Priority<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>1<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td><td>Must be designed for PV DC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Ucpv<\/td><td>Must withstand continuous PV voltage<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>System topology<\/td><td>Grounded\/floating arrangement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Protection modes<\/td><td>Confirms actual surge paths<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639<\/td><td>Type 1, Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td><td>Determines clamping\/protection level<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>Normal surge discharge capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>8<\/td><td>Imax \/ Iimp<\/td><td>Surge or lightning-current capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/td><td>PV short-circuit withstand\/failure capability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10<\/td><td>Disconnection system<\/td><td>Important for safe end-of-life behavior<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>11<\/td><td>Backup protection<\/td><td>Must match manufacturer requirements<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>Pole\/module arrangement<\/td><td>Select only after topology is confirmed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are not familiar with these ratings, our guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/dc-spd-specifications\/\">DC SPD specifications such as Ucpv, In, Imax, Up and Iscpv<\/a><\/strong> explains what each value means and how they differ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This order avoids one of the most common purchasing mistakes: choosing an SPD by voltage, kA and pole count while ignoring the internal circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD in a PV Combiner Box<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"DC SPD installed inside a solar PV combiner box\" class=\"wp-image-4559\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/dc-spd-in-pv-combiner-box-kuangya.jpg 1448w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In practical installations, DC SPDs are commonly mounted inside PV combiner boxes together with fuses, terminals and PE connections.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The PV combiner box is one of the most common locations for a DC SPD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A typical combiner box may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV string inputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC MCB or isolator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC SPD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>busbars<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>output terminals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PE bar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The correct SPD configuration depends on the electrical design rather than simply the number of incoming strings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Six PV strings entering one combiner box does not mean you need six SPDs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Two output conductors do not automatically mean the SPD must be 2P.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The SPD protects the electrical node according to its approved circuit arrangement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multiple MPPT Inputs: Does Each MPPT Need Its Own SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes yes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If an inverter contains multiple independent MPPT inputs, the surge protection arrangement should be evaluated for each input group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Factors include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>whether the MPPT inputs are electrically independent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cable routing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>separation distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>whether a common SPD can protect multiple circuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer&#8217;s inverter instructions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD manufacturer&#8217;s wiring limitations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">OBO, for example, publishes PV generator connection boxes designed for one, two and three MPPT configurations, showing that MPPT architecture can directly affect surge-protection layout.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a 2P DC SPD Replace a 3P DC SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not assume so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Replacement is appropriate only when all of the following are verified:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>same PV system topology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compatible protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Up<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable surge-current ratings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable Iscpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suitable SPD type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>compatible backup protection<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer-approved wiring arrangement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>applicable certification and standard compliance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the original product uses a Y circuit and the replacement uses a different internal topology, matching the voltage and kA ratings alone is not enough.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can a 3P SPD Replace a 2P SPD?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same rule applies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More modules do not automatically make a product compatible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A different internal circuit may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>change PE leakage behavior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>change protection paths<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>affect insulation monitoring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>affect failure mode<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>change voltage stress across components<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, substitutions should be based on the <strong>electrical specification<\/strong>, not physical appearance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common 2P vs 3P DC SPD Selection Mistakes<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 1: Counting Wires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cThe PV string has DC+ and DC\u2212, therefore I need a 2P SPD.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is too simplistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the manufacturer&#8217;s approved circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 2: Assuming PE Is the Third Pole<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PE is not simply another current-carrying pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The manufacturer&#8217;s internal SPD architecture determines how it is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 3: Assuming More Modules Means Better Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A three-module device is not automatically safer or stronger.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 4: Matching Only Voltage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two 1000 V SPDs may have completely different:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>protection circuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Up values<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iscpv ratings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD types<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>grounding requirements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 5: Looking Only at Imax<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A large <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong> number makes an attractive product label, but it is only one parameter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always evaluate In, Up, Iscpv, Ucpv and circuit topology together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mistake 6: Ignoring the PV-Specific Standard<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For photovoltaic generator DC-side SPDs, IEC 61643-31 is the key product standard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/30774\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-32<\/a> addresses selection and application principles for SPDs connected to the DC side of PV systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical 2P vs 3P DC SPD Selection Process<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-853x1024.png\" alt=\"Flowchart for selecting between 2P and 3P DC SPD in solar PV systems\" class=\"wp-image-4561\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-853x1024.png 853w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-250x300.png 250w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-768x922.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-300x360.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya-600x720.png 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/how-to-choose-2p-vs-3p-dc-spd-kuangya.png 1145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A practical selection process helps ensure the correct choice between 2P and 3P DC SPD configurations.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A practical 2P vs 3P DC SPD selection should start with the PV system topology rather than the number of modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Confirm the Circuit Is PV DC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not substitute an AC SPD simply because its voltage looks similar. If you are comparing AC and DC protection devices, read <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/ac-spd-on-dc-system\/\">Can an AC SPD Be Used on a DC System?<\/a><\/strong> before making a substitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Calculate Maximum PV Voltage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determine maximum cold-weather string Voc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then select an SPD with a suitable Ucpv rating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Check the PV Earthing Arrangement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Determine whether:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>neither polarity is intentionally grounded<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ is referenced to earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 is referenced to earth<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>another special topology is used<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check the inverter manual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Determine Required Protection Modes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Typical requirements may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>DC+ to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC\u2212 to PE<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DC+ to DC\u2212<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verify these in the SPD datasheet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Determine Type 1+2 or Type 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This depends on the lightning protection concept and installation architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not use pole count as a substitute for SPD type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Check Ucpv, Up, In, Imax\/Iimp and Iscpv<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never evaluate these values individually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7: Check the Manufacturer&#8217;s Wiring Diagram<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the point where the real answer to <strong>2P vs 3P<\/strong> normally becomes clear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 8: Confirm Backup Protection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Check whether the SPD requires:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a backup fuse<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a circuit breaker<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>no additional backup device under specified fault conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Follow the SPD manufacturer&#8217;s data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a more detailed explanation, see our guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/spd-backup-fuse\/\">SPD backup fuse and circuit breaker selection<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 9: Check Installation Distance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keep SPD connecting conductors short.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The distance between the PV array, SPD, and inverter can also affect the overall protection concept. See our detailed guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/spd-distance-from-inverter\/\">SPD distance from the inverter in solar PV systems<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 10: Confirm Documentation Before Purchase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For commercial projects, request:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>datasheet<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEC test information<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iimp if applicable<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>backup fuse requirement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>remote contact diagram if required<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Procurement Checklist<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before ordering a 2P or 3P PV SPD, send the supplier this information:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/th><th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum DC voltage<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum string Voc<\/td><td>920 V<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/td><td>Floating \/ isolated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SPD type<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required In<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Required Imax<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td><td>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Remote contact<\/td><td>Required \/ not required<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>500 pcs<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Target standard<\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A professional supplier should then confirm the suitable circuit rather than simply responding with \u201c2P\u201d or \u201c3P.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2P vs 3P DC SPD Decision Table<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use this table only as a preliminary guide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/th><th>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Supplier only says \u201c2P 1000 V 40 kA\u201d<\/td><td>Ask for wiring diagram and IEC data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Supplier only says \u201c3P is better\u201d<\/td><td>Ask for the protection circuit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PV DC side is floating<\/td><td>Use an SPD specifically approved for the floating\/isolated topology<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PV DC side is intentionally grounded<\/td><td>Use the manufacturer&#8217;s approved grounded-system configuration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>System is 1500 V<\/td><td>Verify Ucpv and all 1500 V-specific ratings<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inverter already contains SPD<\/td><td>Check whether external SPD is still required based on cable length and protection architecture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (MPPT)<\/td><td>Evaluate each MPPT circuit separately<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Existing 3-module SPD needs replacement<\/td><td>Match electrical topology, not just physical size<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PE connection is unclear<\/td><td>Do not install until the manufacturer&#8217;s diagram is confirmed<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following <strong>2P vs 3P DC SPD FAQs<\/strong> address several common questions from PV installers, system designers, and buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a 2P DC SPD enough for solar PV?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It can be, provided the SPD is specifically designed and approved for that PV topology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The number \u201c2P\u201d alone is not enough information to make the decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why does a solar SPD have three modules when there are only two DC wires?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the SPD may use multiple internal protective elements to provide coordinated protection between DC+, DC\u2212 and PE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The physical module count does not necessarily equal the number of active conductors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is PE considered the third pole?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not universally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manufacturers use different terminology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Always check the internal wiring diagram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a 3P DC SPD safer than a 2P SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Safety depends on correct circuit design, voltage rating, fault-current capability, disconnection system and correct installation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I connect only two terminals of a 3P SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not do this unless the manufacturer&#8217;s instructions explicitly show that connection method.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unused or incorrectly connected protection elements can change the intended surge protection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I use a 2P 1000 V SPD in a 1500 V PV system?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No, unless the manufacturer explicitly rates the product for the actual maximum continuous PV voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 1000 V Ucpv device is not suitable for a PV system that can exceed its approved continuous voltage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is 40 kA better than 20 kA?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First determine whether the numbers refer to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>total discharge current<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then compare Up, Ucpv, Iscpv and the complete protection circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Does every solar inverter need an external DC SPD?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some inverters contain integrated SPDs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether additional external protection is required depends on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>inverter design<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cable distance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>lightning exposure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>system architecture<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>installation standard<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer instructions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your inverter already includes surge protection, see <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/solar-inverter-built-in-spd\/\">Does a Solar Inverter With a Built-In SPD Still Need an External SPD?<\/a><\/strong> for a detailed explanation of when additional protection may still be required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What standard should a PV DC SPD comply with?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IEC 61643-31 covers SPDs intended for the DC side of photovoltaic installations up to 1500 V DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">IEC 61643-32 provides selection and application principles for PV surge protective devices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Final Takeaway<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important point in a <strong>2P vs 3P DC SPD comparison<\/strong> is that the difference is not simply the number of modules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A photovoltaic SPD must be selected as part of an electrical protection system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before choosing a 2P or 3P configuration, confirm:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PV maximum voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>earthing arrangement<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>protection modes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SPD type<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ucpv<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Imax or Iimp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Iscpv)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>manufacturer&#8217;s approved wiring diagram<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Real products from OBO, Phoenix Contact, ABB and DEHN show that manufacturers use different terms such as <strong>2-pole, 3-pole, 2+V, two protected lines and Y configuration<\/strong> for PV surge protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is why professional selection should start with the circuit diagram and datasheet\u2014not the number of visible cartridges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For solar PV projects, the correct question is therefore not:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cIs 2P or 3P better?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cWhich SPD circuit is designed for my PV system topology?\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technical References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IEC 61643-31 \u2014 Low-voltage surge protective devices: requirements and test methods for SPDs for photovoltaic installations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IEC 61643-32 \u2014 Surge protective devices connected to the DC side of photovoltaic installations: selection and application principles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OBO Bettermann \u2014 V20 photovoltaic surge protection product documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Phoenix Contact \u2014 VALVETRAB photovoltaic surge protection technical documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ABB \u2014 OVR PV surge protective device technical documentation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DEHN \u2014 PV Type 2 surge arrester technical documentation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Always follow the latest product datasheet, inverter manufacturer instructions and applicable local electrical regulations when designing or installing surge protection.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2P vs 3P DC SPD selection for solar PV often causes confusion. One of the most common questions is: Should I use a 2P or 3P DC SPD? At first glance, the answer seems simple. A PV string has DC positive and DC negative conductors, so a 2-pole SPD may appear sufficient. Then why do [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4551,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4562,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4545\/revisions\/4562"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4545"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}