{"id":4291,"date":"2026-08-17T15:47:43","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T07:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4291"},"modified":"2026-08-18T17:24:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T09:24:28","slug":"dc-spd-for-solar-installations-in-spain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/dc-spd-for-solar-installations-in-spain\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (SPD)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (SPD)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0640:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner-box) \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (REBT). \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0640 (REBT) \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>UNE-EN 61643-31<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UNE-EN 61643-11<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>UNE-HD 60364-4-443<\/strong> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (IEC) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IEC 61643-31<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IEC 61643-32<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>IEC 60364-7-712<\/strong> \u2013 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 IEC 61643-31 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (PV Voltage)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 <strong>Ucpv<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 Voc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (Ucpv) \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/th><th>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th><th>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0627\u0645<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (Voc) \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>1,000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter) \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d (String)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td><td>1,500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 1,500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"600V 1000V and 1500V DC SPD voltage options\" class=\"wp-image-4293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/600v-1000v-1500v-dc-spd-selection.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (Ucpv) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 DC SPD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC combiner boxes)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (Inverters)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Type 2 DC SPD installed in a photovoltaic combiner box\" class=\"wp-image-4294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/type-2-dc-spd-pv-combiner-box.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a <strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong>, \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Type 1 DC SPD)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (Type 1) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 <strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/strong>, \u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 DC SPD<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 In \u0648 Imax \u0648 Iimp \u0648 Up<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a: In<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a: Imax<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 Imax \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 In \u0648 Up \u0648 Ucpv \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629: Iimp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Iimp \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f: Up<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (Up) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Engineer checking DC SPD discharge and protection ratings\" class=\"wp-image-4295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/check-dc-spd-in-imax-iimp-up-ratings.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645 Ucpv \u0648 In \u0648 Imax \u0648 Iimp \u0648 Up \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (PV).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 (PE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (MPPT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner boxes)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (AC) \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC\/UNE-EN 61643-31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 (Short-Circuit) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (Backup Protection)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (PV SPD) \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a gPV \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PV string) \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 gPV \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC breaker) \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 6: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (String box)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"DC SPD placement along a long photovoltaic cable route\" class=\"wp-image-4296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/dc-spd-placement-long-pv-cable-route.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 7: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0626.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (PE) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (PE) \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0639 (SPD) \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 8: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 (IP rating)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 (Terminal torque)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Outdoor enclosure for a photovoltaic DC SPD in Spain\" class=\"wp-image-4297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/outdoor-pv-spd-enclosure-spain.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 9: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0629 DIN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Technician replacing a photovoltaic DC SPD module\" class=\"wp-image-4298\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/replaceable-dc-spd-module-maintenance.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/th><th>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PV) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPDs) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (PV DC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (DC SPD)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Required Type 1, Type 2, or Type 1+2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Required In, Imax, or Iimp<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Required voltage protection level<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Number of poles and connection diagram<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inverter model and number of MPPT inputs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Required quantity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Required certification and documentation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OEM label or packaging requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Delivery location and project schedule<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the SPD type is not yet confirmed, provide the PV module data, number of modules per string, minimum design temperature, inverter model, system drawing, and lightning protection information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD).<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avoid these common errors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Selecting the SPD only by nominal voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ignoring cold-condition PV string Voc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using an AC SPD on the DC side<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choosing Type 2 where Type 1 capability is required<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Comparing products only by Imax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ignoring Up and equipment withstand voltage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installing the SPD with long connecting wires<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using the wrong protection topology<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ignoring backup-fuse requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Installing indoor modules in an unsuitable outdoor enclosure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Failing to inspect the status indicator<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assuming one SPD automatically protects every part of a large PV installation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Selecting a suitable <strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong> requires coordination between the PV system voltage, lightning risk, SPD classification, installation location, earthing arrangement, and applicable Spanish requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most important steps are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Calculate the maximum cold-condition PV voltage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Select the correct Ucpv rating.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determine whether Type 1, Type 2, or Type 1+2 is required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compare In, Imax, Iimp, and Up.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confirm the system topology and number of protection modes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Check short-circuit and backup-protection requirements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Choose suitable installation locations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Keep connecting conductors short.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Verify enclosure and environmental conditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plan inspection and cartridge replacement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">KUANGYA supplies DC SPDs for solar PV applications in 600 V, 1,000 V, and 1,500 V configurations, including Type 2 and Type 1+2 options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">View the <a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/es\/dc-spd\/\">KUANGYA DC SPD range for photovoltaic systems<\/a> or contact us with your system voltage, SPD type, discharge-current requirements, wiring configuration, quantity, and project location to request a data sheet and B2B quotation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is a Type 2 SPD suitable for every rooftop PV system?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not automatically. Type 2 is widely used for induced lightning and switching surges, but the final selection depends on the lightning protection system, risk assessment, equipment location, and project requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can I use a 1,000 V SPD in a 1,000 V PV system?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only if the SPD\u2019s Ucpv is suitable for the maximum calculated PV voltage under the lowest expected temperature. Do not rely only on the nominal system description.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is the difference between In and Imax?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In is the nominal discharge current used to evaluate repeated Type 2 surge performance. Imax is the maximum 8\/20 \u03bcs discharge current the SPD can withstand under specified test conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When is a Type 1+2 SPD used?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is used where the design requires both partial lightning-current discharge and Type 2 surge-limiting performance at the same installation point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Where should the DC SPD be installed?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common locations include the combiner box and inverter DC input. Long cable routes or exposed systems may require coordinated SPDs at more than one location.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Which standard applies to photovoltaic DC SPDs in Spain?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UNE-EN 61643-31 is the principal Spanish standard covering requirements and test methods for SPDs used in photovoltaic installations. The complete installation must also follow the REBT and other applicable technical requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If your project has already reached the stage of deciding between Type 1, Type 2 and Type 1+2 protection, continue with our detailed guide to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/type-1-vs-type-2-spd-for-solar\/\">Type 1 vs Type 2 SPD for solar PV in Spain<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Technical References<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2002-18099\" rel=\"noopener\">Spain\u2019s Low-Voltage Electrotechnical Regulation \u2013 REBT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2025-6773\" rel=\"noopener\">2025 Spanish list of standards referenced by the REBT<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26931\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-31: Requirements for PV surge protective devices<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/30774\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 61643-32: Selection and application of PV DC SPDs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/65748\" rel=\"noopener\">IEC 60364-7-712: Requirements for PV installations<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article provides general technical guidance. Final SPD selection and installation should be verified by the responsible project designer or an authorised electrical professional in accordance with current Spanish requirements.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solar photovoltaic systems are exposed to transient overvoltages caused by nearby lightning activity, switching operations, and disturbances transmitted through connected electrical circuits. These events may damage inverters, monitoring equipment, combiner boxes, and other sensitive components. Choosing the correct DC SPD for solar installations in Spain requires more than matching a device to the nominal system [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":4292,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4291"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4321,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4291\/revisions\/4321"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4292"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4291"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}