{"id":4017,"date":"2026-07-10T11:03:15","date_gmt":"2026-07-10T03:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=4017"},"modified":"2026-07-10T11:03:22","modified_gmt":"2026-07-10T03:03:22","slug":"solar-combiner-box-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/solar-combiner-box-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (PV)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a gPV\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPDs)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/pv-combiner-box\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 2025 | \u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a HS\/HD \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Kuangya<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a (EPC)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner Box) \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/pv-combiner-box\/\">\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 2025 | \u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a HS\/HD \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Kuangya<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (gPV fuse holders)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a gPVV<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Busbars)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Terminal blocks)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner Box) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a 1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06481500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner box)\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 (String) \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a (Cable trays) \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner box) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (EPC)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"956\" height=\"452\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4026\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6.png 956w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6-768x363.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/916badc0-53f7-4bdd-a59c-8202cc72b3c6-600x284.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 956px) 100vw, 956px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Photovoltaic string) \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (gPV).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC busbars).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 gPVV<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DC SPD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"868\" height=\"438\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4027\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd.png 868w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd-768x388.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/4bd5ab66-ffa8-41de-8941-5e68c8dffffd-600x303.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 868px) 100vw, 868px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 gPVV<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (gPV) \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0631\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 (Derating)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPD)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (Type 2 DC SPDs) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Busbars)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Busbars) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"781\" height=\"511\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4028\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c.png 781w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c-768x502.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/af8194e5-5fd9-4ee8-88a7-c6eeefc6677c-600x393.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 781px) 100vw, 781px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 gPVV<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DC SPD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AC SPD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2193<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 <\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"963\" height=\"326\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4029\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232.png 963w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232-768x260.png 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/8c19b04b-2422-4b1e-ad02-068a73109232-600x203.png 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 963px) 100vw, 963px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (I\u00b2R)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.2 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.3 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 MOV \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.4 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 IP65 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.5 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f (glands)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.6 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC Arc Faults)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a - \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a gPV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPDs)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621 - \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.7 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 (Busbars) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 1 \u2014 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 - \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 - \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 2 - \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 3 - \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u06481500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 4 \u2014 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 5 \u2014 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a (\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a) \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 gPVV<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>DC SPD<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0647\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner Box) \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a (Cable Glands) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 (IP) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 Verify terminal torque according to the manufacturer&#8217;s specifications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 (Busbars) \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 gPV \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPDs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2713 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner Box) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 (\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0632) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (gPV)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d<\/td><td>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/td><td>\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td><td>\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0637\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 (MOV) \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td><td>\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b<\/td><td>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642<\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 1 \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 2 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 (Inverter) \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 (SPDs) \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 3 \u2013 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner box) \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">13. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Solar Combiner Box)\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC) \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u0644 6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a gPV \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC disconnect switch) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0646\u0639\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">14. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (Inverters) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a (fuses) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 gPV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC SPD)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 (EPC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">15. \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (PV strings). \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td><td>600\u20131000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644<\/td><td>1\u20134<\/td><td>4\u201324<\/td><td>16\u201336+<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 (gPV)<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645)<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644<\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td><td>\u0643\u0644 6-12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">16. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Combiner boxes) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th><th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>IEC 61439-8:2026<\/td><td>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 60269-6<\/td><td>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a gPV \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 61643-32<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (SPD) \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 62548-1:2023+AMD1:2025<\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC 63112<\/td><td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IEC TS 62738<\/td><td>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629<a href=\"https:\/\/webstore.iec.ch\/en\/publication\/26942?utm_source=chatgpt.com\" rel=\"noopener\"> IEC TS 62738<\/a>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">17. \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u2013 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631 (gPV)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (SPD)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (Combiner Box) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (DC)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0627\u062a gPV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>TL;DR A solar combiner box is much more than a junction enclosure. It is the primary DC protection center of a photovoltaic (PV) system, combining multiple PV strings while integrating protective devices such as gPV fuses, DC surge protective devices (SPDs), disconnect switches, monitoring modules, and grounding systems. A properly designed combiner box improves safety, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4022,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4017"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4030,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4017\/revisions\/4030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4022"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4017"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}