{"id":2464,"date":"2026-01-29T04:31:22","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T04:31:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=2464"},"modified":"2026-04-24T15:13:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T07:13:24","slug":"solar-combiner-box-surge-protection-requirements-the-2-3m-lesson-from-a-catastrophic-failure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/solar-combiner-box-surge-protection-requirements-the-2-3m-lesson-from-a-catastrophic-failure\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631: \u062f\u0631\u0633 $2.3M \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 20 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\uff1a<strong> 15\u060c 2023\u060c \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211; In what industry experts now call &#8220;the most expensive surge protection lesson in solar history,&#8221; a 20MW utility-scale solar farm suffered catastrophic failure during an afternoon thunderstorm. The damage assessment revealed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>$2.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>42 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>$860,000<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0due to &#8220;improper surge protection design&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0637\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 12 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648186 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062f&nbsp;<strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPDs \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 8.7\u03a9 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 &lt;1\u03a9 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The project engineer admitted: &#8220;We followed the minimum code requirements, but the desert environment demanded more. The lightning density was 3x higher than our design assumption, and our surge protection was completely inadequate.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/dc-spd\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0643\u0644 8.3 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/td><td>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 (\u00b1)<\/td><td>\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/td><td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 SPD \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 480 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/td><td>600-2000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a = \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong><\/td><td>&lt;25\u03a9 (NEC)<\/td><td><strong>&lt;1\u03a9 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629 (IEC 61643-11)<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 (IEC 61643-31)<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;DC photovoltaic systems lack the natural protective barriers of AC systems. A surge entering a PV array propagates directly to sensitive electronics without transformer isolation. This is why DC surge protection isn&#8217;t just &#8216;AC protection with higher ratings&#8217;\u2014it requires fundamentally different approaches.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 (\u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>&lt; 2<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPD<\/td><td>0.3% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2-5<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>1.2% 1.2% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0642\u0633\u0637 +15-25% +15-25%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>5-10<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 1 + \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>3.8% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0642\u0633\u0637 +40-601-60%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>&gt; 10<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td><td>8.2% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>7.3<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b: \u0641\u0634\u0644 100%<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062a\u0645 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 SPD \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 300%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Iimp\/In (8\/20 \u03bcs)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>600 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>&lt; 1.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>1000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>&lt; 1.2 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/td><td>50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>&lt; 1.0 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a 1+2<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631+30 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>&lt; 1.1 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 1 + \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>&lt; 0.9 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 cnkuangya<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 1+2+3 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>75 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&lt; 0.8 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&lt; \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 15 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a016 \u0645\u0645\u00b2 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a SPD (\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635:<\/strong>\u00a0&lt; 0.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0&lt; 1\u03a9 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 NEC 250.122<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a02 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 SPD \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 1 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a:\n- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629: 8 \u00d7 3 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\n- \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 70 \u0645\u0645\u00b2\n- \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\n- \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 &gt;5\u03a9\n- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 4: \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 1 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1<\/td><td>Iimp: 50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 (10\/350\u03bcs)<\/td><td>100 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/td><td>80% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 2 (\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a: 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 (8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)<\/td><td>50 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/td><td>15% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 3 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2+3<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a: 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 (8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631)<\/td><td>25 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/td><td>5% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0642\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a 100-500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 = (Up_stage1 - Up_stage2) \/ (di\/dt)\n\u062d\u064a\u062b:\n- Up_stage1: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\n- Up_stage2: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\n- di\/dt: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062d\u0644 cnkuangya: \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 5: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 KY-SPD \u0645\u0646 cnkuangya<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Iimp\/In<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>KY-SPD-PV25<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>1.0 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>KY-SPD-PV50<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/65 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>0.8 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 15 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>KY-SPD-PV75<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2000 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>75 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/85 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.7 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>KY-SPDD-MARINE<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>0.9 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td><td>10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>KY-SPDD-DESERT<\/strong><\/td><td>1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td><td>60 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/70 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>0.8 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>&lt;\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 15 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>40% \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 MOV \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 30-60 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 2\u03a9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064a cnkuangya:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 (\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f 7.3 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0629\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 8.7\u03a9 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.8\u03a9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 SPD:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a KY-SPD-PV75 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2+3 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f 12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 47 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/strong>\u00a032% \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a ($46,000 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a099.8% (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 93.2% \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 11 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0649 $380,000 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 $380,000<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 6: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>UL 1449 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 UL 1449<\/td><td>IEEE C62.41\u060c \u0648NEC 690<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/td><td>UL\u060c CSA\u060c Intertek<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><td>EN 50539\u060c VDE 0675<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2+3 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>T\u00dcV\u060c VDE\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 CE<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\/\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td>AS\/NZS 5033<\/td><td>AS\/NZS 1768<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/td><td>SAI Global<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td>GB\/T 18802.31<\/td><td>NB\/T 42150<\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>CQC\u060c CGC<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>IEC 61643-31<\/td><td>ISO 9001:2015<\/td><td>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 + EMC<\/td><td>\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 cnkuangya \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>30% \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>45% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0don&#8217;t verify ground resistance after installation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>68% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 7: \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d LED \u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 + \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td><td>\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td><td>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642<\/td><td>&lt;1\u03a9 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td><td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0643\u0644 5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 cnkuangya \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 (GPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u062f\u0642\u0629 94% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 SPD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 SCADA\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 8: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 10 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td>$42,000<\/td><td>$3,800<\/td><td>18% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>$280,000<\/td><td>$720,000<\/td><td>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>$86,000<\/td><td>$5,200<\/td><td>6% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>$95,000<\/td><td>$448,000<\/td><td>+$272K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>$124,000<\/td><td>$3,100<\/td><td><strong>1.2% 1.2% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>$19,000<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>$254,000<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>+$466K<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>$210,000<\/td><td>$8,400<\/td><td>0.8% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>$13,000<\/td><td>$392,000<\/td><td>+$328K<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0644 $1 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 $8-12 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 30-50% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (651 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0240% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 1: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td><td>20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>$400-800<\/td><td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/strong><\/td><td>25 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.2 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>$1,200-2,500<\/td><td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td>50 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1.0 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/td><td>$3,000-5,000\/\u0645 \u0648.\u0648.\u062c<\/td><td>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062a\/\u0643\u0645\u00b2\/\u0633\u0646\u0629)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 1 + \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/strong><\/td><td>100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 + 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td><td>$6,000-9,000\/\u0645.\u0648.\u0648.\u0645<\/td><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/td><td>$8,000 - 12,000\/\u0645.\u0648.\u0648.\u0645<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 2.4 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 4.3 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1+2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 $18\u060c500 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 SPD<\/strong>\u00a0\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 72%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 cnkuangya:<\/strong>&nbsp;&#8220;For any project &gt;100kW, we recommend Type 1+2 combined protection. The additional cost represents 0.3-0.5% of total project cost but prevents 85% of surge-related failures. Our KY-SPD series provides Type 1+2+3 protection in a single device at Type 1+2 pricing.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 2: \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>25\u03a9 (NEC)<\/td><td>3 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>5\u03a9<\/td><td>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643<\/td><td>\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2\u03a9<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/td><td>\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (&gt; 100 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>1\u03a9<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a + \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 62%<\/td><td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>0.5\u03a9<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 + \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 &lt;1\u03a9:\n\n1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 4 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\n2. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:\n   - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 (10-30 \u0645\u062a\u0631)\n   - \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\n   - \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\n3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628:\n   - \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 8 \u00d7 3 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 1 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a\n   - \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 70 \u0645\u0645\u00b2\n   - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\n4. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629\n   - \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\n   - \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\n5. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642:\n   - \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\n   - \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u0623\u0648\u0645 $8000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15000 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 65% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 3-5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 3: \u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 SPD\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644\u061f<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 SPD \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 SPD:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 LEDs\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/td><td>\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d LED \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0643<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td><td>Vcl @ \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646<\/td><td>&gt;15% \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631<\/td><td>&gt;10% \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td><td>\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a MCOV<\/td><td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 &gt;20%<\/td><td>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>&gt;10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td><td>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td><td>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629<\/td><td>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td><td>80% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 SPD \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 SPD<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>MOV \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td><td>10-15 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>7-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647<\/td><td>$85\/\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>MOV \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td>15-20 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>12-16 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><td>$120\/\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>20-25 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>18-22 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><td>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/td><td>$95\/\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 (cnkuangya)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>25-30 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>22-27 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>$65\/\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td><td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td><td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td><td>$300+\/\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0reveals hot spots >15\u00b0C above ambient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/strong>\u00a0increases suddenly by >50%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"687\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-687x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-687x1024.jpg 687w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-201x300.jpg 201w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-768x1145.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-1030x1536.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-1374x2048.jpg 1374w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-8x12.jpg 8w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-300x447.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-600x894.jpg 600w, https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/2ca3bc033bb772c60e490a81625245c1ec0a493a912fdcc574b3841c20770985-scaled.jpg 1717w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Costly Mistake: How Inadequate Surge Protection Destroyed a 20MW Solar Farm Solar Combiner Box\uff1a 15, 2023, Arizona Desert\u00a0&#8211; In what industry experts now call &#8220;the most expensive surge protection lesson in solar history,&#8221; a 20MW utility-scale solar farm suffered catastrophic failure during an afternoon thunderstorm. The damage assessment revealed: The Root Cause Analysis&nbsp;by an [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2410,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solar-pv-combiner-technology"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2464"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2465,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2464\/revisions\/2465"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2464"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2464"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2464"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}