{"id":2263,"date":"2025-12-11T08:42:58","date_gmt":"2025-12-11T08:42:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/?p=2263"},"modified":"2026-04-24T15:57:20","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T07:57:20","slug":"how-to-size-a-dc-spd-for-a-solar-pv-array","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/blog\/how-to-size-a-dc-spd-for-a-solar-pv-array\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Imagine this: a mid-sized solar farm, operational for just two years, suddenly goes dark. The operations team scrambles, and after hours of diagnostics, they find the culprit. It wasn\u2019t a panel failure or a software glitch. It was a catastrophic failure of three central inverters, the heart of the operation. The root cause? A powerful surge from a nearby lightning strike, which the undersized and improperly installed surge protection devices (SPDs) were completely unable to handle. The result was over $100,000 in replacement hardware and a week of lost generation revenue, a costly lesson in the importance of a component that represents a fraction of the system’s total cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This scenario is not hypothetical; it’s a reality that plays out in solar installations worldwide. As highlighted in industry analyses, electrical events, including surges, are a leading cause of equipment failure and system downtime\u00a0. A DC Surge Protection Device is not merely a checkbox item on a bill of materials; it is an essential insurance policy for the long-term health and financial return of your solar asset. For both the engineer designing the system and the manager procuring the parts, understanding how to correctly size, select, and place these devices is a non-negotiable aspect of responsible system design. This guide provides a definitive, step-by-step process for getting it right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 1: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0640 \u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 100 \u0623\u0648 120 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0641\u0626 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644 - \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u00a0\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/strong>. As expert guides on the topic emphasize, AC SPDs lack the specialized arc-extinguishing mechanisms required to safely interrupt a DC fault current, leading to catastrophic failure\u00a0. A proper DC SPD is engineered to handle the relentless nature of direct current. Its core function can be compared to a pressure relief valve; it remains passive during normal operation but opens in nanoseconds when it detects a dangerous voltage spike, safely diverting the damaging surge current to ground. This action “clamps” the system voltage at a safe level, protecting the sensitive electronics within the inverter and other components.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 2: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 IEC 61643-32 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (MCOV \/ Uc)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

The MCOV (often denoted as Uc or Ucpv) is the most critical parameter. It defines the maximum DC voltage the SPD can withstand continuously without activating. If the MCOV is too low, the SPD will see normal system voltage fluctuations as a fault, leading to premature wear and failure. If it’s too high, its protective performance will be compromised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The MCOV must be higher than the maximum possible open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the solar array. This isn’t the Voc under standard test conditions (STC), but the Voc under the coldest expected temperatures at the site, as voltage increases as temperature drops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a MCOV \u2265 1.25 \u00d7 Voc (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • \u0641\u0648\u0643 (\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/code>\u00a0\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u0625\u0646\u00a01.25<\/code>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Let’s walk through an example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 20 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0643<\/code>\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f STC = 41.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u061b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0\u0641\u0648\u0643<\/code>\u00a0= -0.281 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 = -10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 Voc \u0641\u064a STC:<\/strong>\u00a020 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 41.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00d7 41.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 830 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0643<\/code> \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629:
      \u0641\u0648\u0643 (-10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) = 41.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00d7 (1 + (-0.0028\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u00d7 (-10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629))<\/code>
      \u0641\u0648\u0643 (-10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) = 41.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u00d7 (1 + 0.098) = 45.58 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637:
      Voc (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649) = 20 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u00d7 45.58 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 911.6 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SPD:
      mcov \u2265 1.25 \u00d7 911.6 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a = 1139.5 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f DC SPD \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 MCOV \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u00a0\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 1200 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0648 1500 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f (\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 SPD \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u062d SPD \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      The rule is simple: the SPD’s Up must be lower than the equipment’s impulse withstand voltage (Uw).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 20% (\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u2264 0.8 \u00d7 Uw<\/code>). \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 2.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u06484 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 Uw \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 2.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/code> \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 2.0 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 SPDs\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 <\/strong>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/code> \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (In\u060c Imax\u060c Iimp)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

      This parameter defines the SPD’s robustness and lifespan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 15-20) \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u00a0\u0641\u064a<\/code>\u00a0\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPDs \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 (Imax):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 SPD \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong>. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u00a0\u0641\u064a<\/code>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a (Iimp):<\/strong>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062f 10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        The required ratings depend on the location’s lightning exposure risk and the type of SPD being used. For most DC-side applications at the inverter or combiner box, a\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPD \u0645\u0639 In = 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648 Imax = 40 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 3: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 SPD \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 (MOV) \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a (GDT)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 1: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 SPDs \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0645\u0646 SPD\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 SPD<\/a><\/th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPD<\/th><\/tr>
        \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642.<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/td>10\/350 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631).<\/td>8\/20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629).<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a (\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0628<\/strong>)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 12.5 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (\u0641\u064a<\/strong>)\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 20 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629,\u00a0\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a SPD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633<\/strong>\u00a0 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 2: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MOV \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 GDT<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
        \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a (MOV)<\/th>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 (GDT)<\/th><\/tr>
        \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629).<\/td>\u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0644\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/td>\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/td><\/tr>
        \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2. \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b\u0629.<\/td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 1 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 MOV.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 MOV \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 GDT \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 4: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

        A perfectly sized SPD is useless if installed incorrectly. Placement and wiring are just as critical as the device specifications. A “cascading” or layered protection strategy is best practice, installing SPDs at key transitions in the system\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u064a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u00a0“<10 Meter Rule,”<\/strong>\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633)\u00a0\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 33 \u0642\u062f\u0645)<\/strong>, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643,\u00a0\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0651\u0644 SPD \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/code>\u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 SPD \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 5: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • \u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0628\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 SPD \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0626\u0629: \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 MOV) \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (O&M). \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 6: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 (FAQ)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            1. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong>
            \u0646\u0639\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            2. \u0643\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/strong>
            It depends on the system’s layout and size. At a minimum, you need one at the main DC combiner\/inverter input. For larger systems with multiple string combiner boxes and cable runs over 10 meters, you will need additional SPDs at each box and again at the central inverter, following the cascading protection principle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            3. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f SPD \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u061f<\/strong>
            \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            4. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 MCOV (Uc) \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/strong>
            It is the maximum continuous DC voltage the SPD can handle without conducting. Selecting an MCOV that is at least 1.25 times the array’s maximum cold-weather voltage is critical to prevent nuisance tripping and premature failure\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            5. \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u061f<\/strong>
            Long cables have high inductance. During a fast-rising surge, this inductance creates a significant voltage drop along the cable, which adds to the SPD’s clamping voltage. If the cable is too long, this added voltage can be enough to damage the equipment you’re trying to protect\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            6. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 SPD \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 Imax\u061f<\/strong>
            \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 Imax \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (In) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 2 SPD \u0645\u0639 In=20kA \/ Imax=40kA \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            7. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 SPD \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u061f<\/strong>
            Absolutely. The SPD diverts surge current to ground, so a low-impedance grounding system is essential for it to work effectively. The system’s grounding configuration (e.g., positive or negative ground, floating) also dictates the specific SPD connection scheme needed\u00a0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            8. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/strong>
            \u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 SPD \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 IEC 61643-31 \u0623\u0648 UL 1449. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

            Sizing and selecting a DC SPD is not a trivial task. It is a systematic process that balances electrical parameters, environmental conditions, and strategic placement. As we’ve seen, the key takeaways are clear:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 MCOV \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<\/strong>\u0641\u0648\u0643 (\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/code>\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u00a0<\/strong>\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/code>\u00a0value well below your equipment’s withstand voltage.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 10 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 SPD \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
              \"\u0643\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0627\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Introduction: The Cost of Getting it Wrong Imagine this: a mid-sized solar farm, operational for just two years, suddenly goes dark. The operations team scrambles, and after hours of diagnostics, they find the culprit. It wasn\u2019t a panel failure or a software glitch. It was a catastrophic failure of three central inverters, the heart of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45,43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2263","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-dc-protection-safety","category-solar-pv-combiner-technology"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2263"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2266,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2263\/revisions\/2266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2263"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2263"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cnkuangya.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}